Estrogenic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Molecular Mechanisms of Actions on Putative Human Diseases

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by alte...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews Critical reviews, 2014-04, Vol.17 (3), p.127-174
Main Authors: Yoon, Kyungsil, Kwack, Seung Jun, Kim, Hyung Sik, Lee, Byung-Mu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Chemicals
Disease
Endocrine system
Endocrine System - drug effects
Endocrine systems
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Estrogens
Estrogens - toxicity
Female
Genitalia - drug effects
Health
Humans
Male
Molecules
Phthalates
Phytoestrogens
Progeny
Reproductive systems
Toxicology
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Summary:Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by altering the endocrine system. Environmental estrogens, including BPA, phthalates, and phytoestrogens, are the most extensively studied and are considered to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Diverse modes of action of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) have been described, but the mode of action of estrogenic EDC is postulated to be more complex and needs to be more clearly elucidated. This review examines the adverse effects of estrogenic EDC on male or female reproductive systems and molecular mechanisms underlying EDC effects that modulate ER-mediated signaling. Mechanisms of action for estrogenic EDC may involve both ER-dependent and ER-independent pathways. Recent findings from systems toxicology of examining estrogenic EDC are also discussed.
ISSN:1093-7404
1521-6950
DOI:10.1080/10937404.2014.882194