Influenza vaccine effectiveness during the 2012 influenza season in Victoria, Australia: Influences of waning immunity and vaccine match

Vaccine effectiveness may wane with increasing time since vaccination. This analysis used the Victorian sentinel general practitioner (GP) network to estimate vaccine effectiveness for trivalent inactivated vaccines in the 2012 season. A test‐negative design was used where patients presenting to GPs...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2014-06, Vol.86 (6), p.1017-1025
Main Authors: Sullivan, Sheena G., Komadina, Naomi, Grant, Kristina, Jelley, Lauren, Papadakis, Georgina, Kelly, Heath
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Amino Acid Substitution
Antigens, Viral - genetics
Antigens, Viral - immunology
Australia
case test-negative study
Child
Child, Preschool
Epidemiology
Female
Genetics
Humans
Immunity (Disease)
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Influenza
Influenza A virus - immunology
Influenza A virus - isolation & purification
influenza vaccine effectiveness
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza, Human - epidemiology
Influenza, Human - immunology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Male
Middle Aged
Sentinel Surveillance
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Vaccines
Victoria - epidemiology
Virology
Young Adult
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Summary:Vaccine effectiveness may wane with increasing time since vaccination. This analysis used the Victorian sentinel general practitioner (GP) network to estimate vaccine effectiveness for trivalent inactivated vaccines in the 2012 season. A test‐negative design was used where patients presenting to GPs with influenza‐like illness who tested positive for influenza were cases and noncases were those who tested negative. Vaccination status was recorded by GPs. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1‐odds ratio) × 100%. Estimates were compared early versus late in the season and by time since vaccination. Virus isolates were assessed antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition assay in a selection of positive samples and viruses from healthy adults who experienced a vaccine breakthrough were analyzed genetically. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness estimate for any type of influenza was 45% (95% CI: 8,66) and for influenza A(H3) was 35% (95% CI: −11,62). A non‐significant effect of waning effectiveness by time since vaccination was observed for A(H3). For those vaccinated
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.23847