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Quantitative transmission characteristics of different H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Muscovy ducks

EU annual serosurveillance programs show that domestic duck flocks have the highest seroprevalence of H5 antibodies, demonstrating the circulation of notifiable avian influenza virus (AIV) according to OIE, likely low pathogenic (LP). Therefore, transmission characteristics of LPAIV within these flo...

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Published in:Veterinary microbiology 2014-01, Vol.168 (1), p.78-87
Main Authors: Niqueux, Éric, Picault, Jean-Paul, Amelot, Michel, Allée, Chantal, Lamandé, Josiane, Guillemoto, Carole, Pierre, Isabelle, Massin, Pascale, Blot, Guillaume, Briand, François-Xavier, Rose, Nicolas, Jestin, Véronique
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creator Niqueux, Éric
Picault, Jean-Paul
Amelot, Michel
Allée, Chantal
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Briand, François-Xavier
Rose, Nicolas
Jestin, Véronique
description EU annual serosurveillance programs show that domestic duck flocks have the highest seroprevalence of H5 antibodies, demonstrating the circulation of notifiable avian influenza virus (AIV) according to OIE, likely low pathogenic (LP). Therefore, transmission characteristics of LPAIV within these flocks can help to understand virus circulation and possible risk of propagation. This study aimed at estimating transmission parameters of four H5 LPAIV (three field strains from French poultry and decoy ducks, and one clonal reverse-genetics strain derived from one of the former), using a SIR model to analyze data from experimental infections in SPF Muscovy ducks. The design was set up to accommodate rearing on wood shavings with a low density of 1.6ducks/m2: 10 inoculated ducks were housed together with 15 contact-exposed ducks. Infection was monitored by RNA detection on oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs using real-time RT-PCR with a cutoff corresponding to 2–7 EID50. Depending on the strain, the basic reproduction number (R0) varied from 5.5 to 42.7, confirming LPAIV could easily be transmitted to susceptible Muscovy ducks. The lowest R0 estimate was obtained for a H5N3 field strain, due to lower values of transmission rate and duration of infectious period, whereas reverse-genetics derived H5N1 strain had the highest R0. Frequency and intensity of clinical signs were also variable between strains, but apparently not associated with longer infectious periods. Further comparisons of quantitative transmission parameters may help to identify relevant viral genetic markers for early detection of potentially more virulent strains during surveillance of LPAIV.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.020
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subjects Animals
Avian influenza virus
Basic reproduction number (R0)
Ducks - virology
Horizontal transmission
Influenza A virus - pathogenicity
Influenza A virus - physiology
Influenza in Birds - pathology
Influenza in Birds - transmission
Influenza in Birds - virology
Low pathogenic avian influenza
Muscovy ducks
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
title Quantitative transmission characteristics of different H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Muscovy ducks
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