Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of northern littoral zone of Lake Çıldır, Ardahan, Turkey

In this paper, the heavy metal levels (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Hg), organic carbon, and chlorophyll degradation products were studied to prove their ecological effects in Lake Çıldır, where fossil fuels are used as an energy source in the studied area for most of the year, and domestic w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental monitoring and assessment 2014-06, Vol.186 (6), p.3847-3857
Main Authors: Kükrer, Serkan, Şeker, Sebahat, Abacı, Z. Tuğba, Kutlu, Banu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Cadmium
Carbon
Chlorophyll
Copper
Degradation products
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological effects
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Energy sources
Engineering
Environment
Environmental degradation
Environmental impact
Environmental Management
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Environmental studies
Fossil fuels
Geologic Sediments - chemistry
Heavy metals
Household wastes
Lakes
Lakes - chemistry
Lead
Littoral zone
Mercury
Metal concentrations
Metals
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Organic carbon
Pollution load
Risk Assessment
Sediment samplers
Sediments
Turkey
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water pollution
Water quality
Zinc
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Summary:In this paper, the heavy metal levels (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Hg), organic carbon, and chlorophyll degradation products were studied to prove their ecological effects in Lake Çıldır, where fossil fuels are used as an energy source in the studied area for most of the year, and domestic waste from settlements is discharged directly into the lake. Sediment samples were collected from six sites on the northern shore of Çıldır Lake, Turkey in November 2012. Enrichment (EF) and contamination factor (CF) values were determined, and Pollution Load (PLI) and Potential Ecological Risk (PER) indices were calculated. Average concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments were, in descending order, Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg, respectively. According to mean values, the source of these elements may be considered natural due to lack of enrichment in Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the sediment samples. Regarding enrichment of As, Cd, Mn, and Hg, the highest EF belongs to Hg. PLI and PER values indicate there are moderate ecological risk in the lake.
ISSN:0167-6369
1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-014-3662-4