Using the Past to Predict the Future: Latent Class Analysis of Patterns of Health Service Use of Older Adults in the Emergency Department

• Published in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) 2014-04, Vol.62 (4), p.711-715
• Main Authors: Hastings, S. Nicole, Whitson, Heather E., Sloane, Richard, Landerman, Lawrence R., Horney, Carolyn, Johnson, Kimberly S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Databases, Factual; emergency department; Emergency medical care; Emergency Service, Hospital - economics; Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data; Female; Forecasting; General aspects; Health services utilization; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data; Humans; latent class analysis; Male; Medical sciences; Medicare - statistics & numerical data; Miscellaneous; older adults; Older people; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; United States
• ISSN: 0002-8614; 1532-5415; 1532-5415
• DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12746

Objectives To classify older adults in the emergency department (ED) according to healthcare use and to examine associations between group membership and future ED visits and hospital admissions. Design Secondary analysis. Setting Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Participants Adults aged 65 and older with at least one treat‐and‐release ED visit between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2007 (N = 4,964). Measurements Measures of health service use included primary care visits, treat‐and‐release ED visits, and hospital days in the 12 months preceding the index ED visit. Results Five groups of individuals in the ED with distinct patterns of health service use were identified. “Primary Carederly” (39%) had low rates of ED and hospital use and a high mean number of primary care visits. “Wellderly” (34%) had fewer visits of all types than other groups. “Chronically Illderly” (14%) had the highest mean number of primary care visits and hospital days. “Acute Carederly” (9.8%) had lowest mean number of primary care visits but higher ED visits and hospital days than all other groups except the “Sickest Elderly.” Sickest Elderly (3.2%) had the highest number of ED visits; mean number of hospital days was more than four times that of any other group. Primary Carederly and Wellderly had a lower risk of hospital admission within 30 days of the index ED visit than the other groups. Conclusion In older adults released from an ED, group membership was associated with future health services use. Classification of individuals using readily available previous visit data may improve targeting of interventions to improve outcomes.