Long-term remission with rituximab in refractory leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis

Abstract Autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is recently described and there is a lack of detailed reports on the treatment of relapsing or refractory cases and long-term outcomes. Two case reports are presented. Both cases had faciobrachial...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroimmunology 2014-06, Vol.271 (1), p.66-68
Main Authors: Brown, J. William L, Martin, Peter J, Thorpe, John W, Michell, Andrew W, Coles, Alasdair J, Cox, Amanda L, Vincent, Angela, Zandi, Michael S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Allergy and Immunology
Antibodies - blood
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived - therapeutic use
Autoantibody
Cognition
Encephalitis
Encephalitis - blood
Encephalitis - drug therapy
Encephalitis - immunology
Female
Humans
Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use
LGI1
Male
Neurology
Proteins - immunology
Rituximab
Secondary Prevention
Seizures - drug therapy
Treatment Outcome
VGKC
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Summary:Abstract Autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) is recently described and there is a lack of detailed reports on the treatment of relapsing or refractory cases and long-term outcomes. Two case reports are presented. Both cases had faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) and received rituximab after relapsing or refractory disease. Both cases achieved sustained clinical remission of up to 15 and 56 months respectively. Rituximab use allowed withdrawal of corticosteroids and was well tolerated. Randomized clinical trials are needed in LGI1 encephalitis and other autoimmune encephalitides.
ISSN:0165-5728
1872-8421
DOI:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.03.012