Insights into platelet-based control of coagulation

ABSTRACT The coagulation process is activated by tight control mechanisms, in which platelets play prominent and unique roles. In thrombosis and hemostasis, activated platelets regulate the coagulation system in various ways: by exposing a phosphatidylserine surface for thrombin formation, by suppor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Thrombosis research 2014-05, Vol.133, p.S139-S148
Main Authors: de Witt, Susanne M, Verdoold, Remco, Cosemans, Judith M.E.M, Heemskerk, Johan W.M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood Coagulation - physiology
Blood Platelets - physiology
Clot retraction
Coagulation
Fibrin
Fibrin - metabolism
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Platelets
Procoagulant activity
Signal Transduction - physiology
Thrombosis - blood
Thrombus
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Summary:ABSTRACT The coagulation process is activated by tight control mechanisms, in which platelets play prominent and unique roles. In thrombosis and hemostasis, activated platelets regulate the coagulation system in various ways: by exposing a phosphatidylserine surface for thrombin formation, by supporting fibrin formation, and by regulating the retraction of a fibrin clot. In this review we discuss the involvement of platelet receptors, other membrane proteins, downstream signaling proteins, cytoskeleton-linked proteins and plasma proteins in these procoagulant functions. Studies with both genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors indicate that, for collagen-adhered platelets, in part common signaling pathways lead to phosphatidylserine exposure, generation of thrombin and fibrin, and retraction of the fibrin clot. However, prolonged Ca2+ elevation leads to thrombin generation, whereas integrin-dependent signaling stimulates fibrin clot retraction. Contact-dependent signaling pathways, triggered by homotypic platelet-platelet interactions, act in particular via the integrin route. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN:0049-3848
1879-2472
DOI:10.1016/S0049-3848(14)50024-2