Association of complex lipids containing gangliosides with cognitive development of 6-month-old infants

• Published in: Early human development 2012-08, Vol.88 (8), p.595-601
• Main Authors: Gurnida, Dida A, Rowan, Angela M, Idjradinata, Ponpon, Muchtadi, Deddy, Sekarwana, Nanan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advanced Basic Science; Biological and medical sciences; Child Development; Cognition - drug effects; Cognitive; Complex lipids; Double-Blind Method; Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gangliosides; Gangliosides - administration & dosage; Gangliosides - blood; Human milk; Humans; Infant; Infant formula; Infant Formula - chemistry; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human - chemistry; Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine; Neuropsychological Tests
• ISSN: 0378-3782; 1872-6232
• DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.003

Abstract Background Human breastmilk contains gangliosides which may play an important role in infant neurodevelopment. Aim A pilot study was conducted to assess the impact of infant formula supplemented with gangliosides from complex milk lipid on cognitive functions of normal healthy infants. Study design The study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel group clinical trial in which infants received the treatment or control product from 2 to 8 weeks of age until 24 weeks of age. The control group (n = 30) received standard infant formula and the treatment group (n = 29) received the same formula supplemented with complex milk lipid to increase the ganglioside content to approximately 11 to 12 μg/ml. A reference group (n = 32) consisted of normal healthy exclusively breast-fed infants. Outcome measures Cognitive development using the Griffith Scales and serum gangliosides was measured before (2–8 weeks of age) and after intervention (24 weeks of age). Results Ganglioside supplementation using complex milk lipids significantly increased ganglioside serum levels (control group vs treatment group, P = 0.002) and resulted in increased scores for Hand and Eye coordination IQ (P < 0.006), Performance IQ (P < 0.001) and General IQ (P = 0.041). Cognitive development scores and serum ganglioside levels for the treatment group did not differ from the reference group. Conclusions Supplementation of infant formula with complex milk lipid to enhance ganglioside content appears to have beneficial effects on cognitive development in healthy infants aged 0–6 months, which may be related to increased serum ganglioside levels.