Glutamate agonists from marine algae

The occurrence of three glutamate agonists -- glutamic acid, D-homocysteic acid and kainic acid -- in a spontaneous mutant of Palmaria palmata is reported. Glutamic acid and D-homocysteic acid, but not kainic acid, were found in the wild-type plant. The closely related glutamate agonist, domoic acid...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied phycology 1989-08, Vol.1 (2), p.113-122
Main Authors: LAYCOCK, M. V, DE FREITAS, A. S. W, WRIGHT, J. L. C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
amino acids
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Aquaculture
Biological and medical sciences
biotechnology
Chondria baileyana
D-homocysteic acid
domoic acid
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
kainic acid
Marine
metabolites
neurotoxins
Nitzschia pungens
Palmaria palmata
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Summary:The occurrence of three glutamate agonists -- glutamic acid, D-homocysteic acid and kainic acid -- in a spontaneous mutant of Palmaria palmata is reported. Glutamic acid and D-homocysteic acid, but not kainic acid, were found in the wild-type plant. The closely related glutamate agonist, domoic acid, was found in the red alga Chondria baileyana and in the diatom Nitzschia pungens forma multiseries . In the diatom, domoic acid can build up to high levels in excess of 3% (dry wt.), making N. pungens a potential commercial source of this neuroactive amino acid. Information is also presented on the distribution, chemistry and biological activity of neuroactive amino acids from algae, and a possible biogenic relationship among kainoid metabolites is discussed.
ISSN:0921-8971
1573-5176
DOI:10.1007/BF00003873