Body composition, muscle capacity, and physical function in older adults: an integrated conceptual model

The aging process leads to adverse changes in body composition (increases in fat mass and decreases in skeletal muscle mass), declines in physical function (PF), and ultimately increased risk for disability and loss of independence. Specific components of body composition or muscle capacity (strengt...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of aging and physical activity 2014-07, Vol.22 (3), p.441-452
Main Authors: Brady, Anne O, Straight, Chad R, Evans, Ellen M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged - physiology
Aging
Aging - physiology
Body composition
Body Composition - physiology
Body fat
Conceptual development
Conceptual models
Exercise
Fatigue
Female
Humans
Male
Models, Theoretical
Muscle Strength - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Older people
Physical ability
Physical activity
Physical disabilities
Power
Self Efficacy
Sex differences
United States
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Summary:The aging process leads to adverse changes in body composition (increases in fat mass and decreases in skeletal muscle mass), declines in physical function (PF), and ultimately increased risk for disability and loss of independence. Specific components of body composition or muscle capacity (strength and power) may be useful in predicting PF; however, findings have been mixed regarding the most salient predictor of PF. The development of a conceptual model potentially aids in understanding the interrelated factors contributing to PF with the factors of interest being physical activity, body composition, and muscle capacity. This article also highlights sex differences in these domains. Finally, factors known to affect PF, such as sleep, depression, fatigue, and self-efficacy, are discussed. Development of a comprehensive conceptual model is needed to better characterize the most salient factors contributing to PF and to subsequently inform the development of interventions to reduce physical disability in older adults.
ISSN:1063-8652
1543-267X
DOI:10.1123/japa.2013-0009