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Formation mechanism of barium zirconate nanoparticles under supercritical hydrothermal synthesis
In this study, supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of BaZrO 3 and its formation mechanism during the synthesis were studied using a continuous flow reactor. The Mono-phase, nano-sized BaZrO 3 was successfully synthesized at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa using oxy-zirconium nitrat...
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Published in: | Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology 2014-04, Vol.16 (4), p.1-9, Article 2330 |
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creator | Yoko, Akira Akizuki, Makoto Oshima, Yoshito |
description | In this study, supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of BaZrO
3
and its formation mechanism during the synthesis were studied using a continuous flow reactor. The Mono-phase, nano-sized BaZrO
3
was successfully synthesized at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa using oxy-zirconium nitrate and excess barium hydroxide as the starting materials. The formation mechanism of BaZrO
3
was studied by examining the time dependence of size and composition using XRD, TEM, and ICP. As a result of the time-resolved experiment, the following formation mechanism was revealed. At the first stage of the reaction (~0.1 s), a perovskite structure forms though it has many defects of Ba site. The particle size increases to 20 nm range by coalescence at the middle stage (~1 s) and becomes constant at the last stage (1–10 s). Ba site defects are filled by the uptake of Ba with increasing time until the last stage (~10 s). The elucidated formation mechanism, i.e., the coalescence of nuclei and uptake of Ba, is significant to develop a new methodology for controlling the size and composition of the BaZrO
3
nanoparticles. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11051-014-2330-5 |
format | article |
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3
and its formation mechanism during the synthesis were studied using a continuous flow reactor. The Mono-phase, nano-sized BaZrO
3
was successfully synthesized at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa using oxy-zirconium nitrate and excess barium hydroxide as the starting materials. The formation mechanism of BaZrO
3
was studied by examining the time dependence of size and composition using XRD, TEM, and ICP. As a result of the time-resolved experiment, the following formation mechanism was revealed. At the first stage of the reaction (~0.1 s), a perovskite structure forms though it has many defects of Ba site. The particle size increases to 20 nm range by coalescence at the middle stage (~1 s) and becomes constant at the last stage (1–10 s). Ba site defects are filled by the uptake of Ba with increasing time until the last stage (~10 s). The elucidated formation mechanism, i.e., the coalescence of nuclei and uptake of Ba, is significant to develop a new methodology for controlling the size and composition of the BaZrO
3
nanoparticles.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1388-0764</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-896X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2330-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Barium ; Barium zirconates ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical synthesis methods ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Coalescence ; Coalescing ; Continuous flow ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Defects ; Exact sciences and technology ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Lasers ; Materials Science ; Methods of nanofabrication ; Nanocrystalline materials ; Nanoparticles ; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization ; Nanostructure ; Nanotechnology ; Optical Devices ; Optics ; Photonics ; Physical Chemistry ; Physics ; Research Paper ; Synthesis ; Uptakes ; Zirconium</subject><ispartof>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology, 2014-04, Vol.16 (4), p.1-9, Article 2330</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-286f432f45e1fa961a360c3b9706eac52283548aeb0bd5fdec2c7190018758443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-286f432f45e1fa961a360c3b9706eac52283548aeb0bd5fdec2c7190018758443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28393348$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yoko, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akizuki, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oshima, Yoshito</creatorcontrib><title>Formation mechanism of barium zirconate nanoparticles under supercritical hydrothermal synthesis</title><title>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology</title><addtitle>J Nanopart Res</addtitle><description>In this study, supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of BaZrO
3
and its formation mechanism during the synthesis were studied using a continuous flow reactor. The Mono-phase, nano-sized BaZrO
3
was successfully synthesized at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa using oxy-zirconium nitrate and excess barium hydroxide as the starting materials. The formation mechanism of BaZrO
3
was studied by examining the time dependence of size and composition using XRD, TEM, and ICP. As a result of the time-resolved experiment, the following formation mechanism was revealed. At the first stage of the reaction (~0.1 s), a perovskite structure forms though it has many defects of Ba site. The particle size increases to 20 nm range by coalescence at the middle stage (~1 s) and becomes constant at the last stage (1–10 s). Ba site defects are filled by the uptake of Ba with increasing time until the last stage (~10 s). The elucidated formation mechanism, i.e., the coalescence of nuclei and uptake of Ba, is significant to develop a new methodology for controlling the size and composition of the BaZrO
3
nanoparticles.</description><subject>Barium</subject><subject>Barium zirconates</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis methods</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Coalescence</subject><subject>Coalescing</subject><subject>Continuous flow</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Inorganic Chemistry</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Methods of nanofabrication</subject><subject>Nanocrystalline materials</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization</subject><subject>Nanostructure</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Optical Devices</subject><subject>Optics</subject><subject>Photonics</subject><subject>Physical Chemistry</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Uptakes</subject><subject>Zirconium</subject><issn>1388-0764</issn><issn>1572-896X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kE1LxDAQhosouH78AG8BEbxUM_lo06OIXyB4UfAW02zqRtpkzbSH9debZRcRwVOGzDMvM09RnAC9AErrSwSgEkoKomSc01LuFDOQNStVU73u5porVdK6EvvFAeIHpVCxhs2Kt9uYBjP6GMjg7MIEjwOJHWlN8tNAvnyyMZjRkWBCXJo0ets7JFOYu0RwWrpkk8-fpieL1TzFceFyXk9wFXKJHo-Kvc706I6372HxcnvzfH1fPj7dPVxfPZZWCDmWTFWd4KwT0kFnmgoMr6jlbVPTyhkrGVNcCmVcS9u57ObOMltDk-9QtVRC8MPifJO7TPFzcjjqwaN1fW-CixNqkAKEpJJVGT39g37EKYW8XaZA1IrWsKZgQ9kUEZPr9DL5waSVBqrXzvXGuc7O9dq5lnnmbJtsMCvpkgnW489gvqHhXKjMsQ2HuRXeXfq1wb_h3xHJkfM</recordid><startdate>20140401</startdate><enddate>20140401</enddate><creator>Yoko, Akira</creator><creator>Akizuki, Makoto</creator><creator>Oshima, Yoshito</creator><general>Springer 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mechanism of barium zirconate nanoparticles under supercritical hydrothermal synthesis</title><author>Yoko, Akira ; Akizuki, Makoto ; Oshima, Yoshito</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-286f432f45e1fa961a360c3b9706eac52283548aeb0bd5fdec2c7190018758443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Barium</topic><topic>Barium zirconates</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis methods</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Coalescence</topic><topic>Coalescing</topic><topic>Continuous flow</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Defects</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Inorganic Chemistry</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Methods of nanofabrication</topic><topic>Nanocrystalline materials</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization</topic><topic>Nanostructure</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Optical Devices</topic><topic>Optics</topic><topic>Photonics</topic><topic>Physical Chemistry</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Uptakes</topic><topic>Zirconium</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yoko, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akizuki, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oshima, Yoshito</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yoko, Akira</au><au>Akizuki, Makoto</au><au>Oshima, Yoshito</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Formation mechanism of barium zirconate nanoparticles under supercritical hydrothermal synthesis</atitle><jtitle>Journal of nanoparticle research : an interdisciplinary forum for nanoscale science and technology</jtitle><stitle>J Nanopart Res</stitle><date>2014-04-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><artnum>2330</artnum><issn>1388-0764</issn><eissn>1572-896X</eissn><abstract>In this study, supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of BaZrO
3
and its formation mechanism during the synthesis were studied using a continuous flow reactor. The Mono-phase, nano-sized BaZrO
3
was successfully synthesized at a temperature of 400 °C and a pressure of 30 MPa using oxy-zirconium nitrate and excess barium hydroxide as the starting materials. The formation mechanism of BaZrO
3
was studied by examining the time dependence of size and composition using XRD, TEM, and ICP. As a result of the time-resolved experiment, the following formation mechanism was revealed. At the first stage of the reaction (~0.1 s), a perovskite structure forms though it has many defects of Ba site. The particle size increases to 20 nm range by coalescence at the middle stage (~1 s) and becomes constant at the last stage (1–10 s). Ba site defects are filled by the uptake of Ba with increasing time until the last stage (~10 s). The elucidated formation mechanism, i.e., the coalescence of nuclei and uptake of Ba, is significant to develop a new methodology for controlling the size and composition of the BaZrO
3
nanoparticles.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s11051-014-2330-5</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Barium Barium zirconates Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical synthesis methods Chemistry and Materials Science Coalescence Coalescing Continuous flow Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Defects Exact sciences and technology Inorganic Chemistry Lasers Materials Science Methods of nanofabrication Nanocrystalline materials Nanoparticles Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization Nanostructure Nanotechnology Optical Devices Optics Photonics Physical Chemistry Physics Research Paper Synthesis Uptakes Zirconium |
title | Formation mechanism of barium zirconate nanoparticles under supercritical hydrothermal synthesis |
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