Cadmium Nephrotoxicity in Human Proximal Tubule Cell Cultures

Human proximal tubule kidney cells grown in a serum-free tissue culture medium were exposed to concentrations of CdCl₂ in a range of 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. Cells were observed from 1 to 20 d upon initiation of cadmium in the culture fluid. Both confluent and subconfluent populations of cells were treated...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology 1989-09, Vol.25 (9), p.784-790
Main Authors: Hazen-Martin, Debra J., Sens, Donald A., Blackburn, John G., Sens, Mary Ann
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal cells
Biological and medical sciences
Cadmium
Cadmium - pharmacology
Cadmium - toxicity
Cadmium Chloride
Cell cultures. Hybridization. Fusion
Cell lines
Cells, Cultured
Cultured cells
Delta cells
Dendritic cells
Dose response relationship
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Kidney cells
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - cytology
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - drug effects
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - ultrastructure
Kidneys
Microscopy, Electron
Molecular and cellular biology
Proximal tubules
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Summary:Human proximal tubule kidney cells grown in a serum-free tissue culture medium were exposed to concentrations of CdCl₂ in a range of 0.5 to 10 μg/ml. Cells were observed from 1 to 20 d upon initiation of cadmium in the culture fluid. Both confluent and subconfluent populations of cells were treated and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Both populations exhibited a concentration-dependent toxicity to ionic cadmium. For cells treated with 2.0 to 10 μg/ml Cd, the decreases in cell numbers were largely irreversible. However, cells treated with Cd in a range of 0.5 to 1.0 μg/ml exhibited a partial recovery of cell number and control morphology. In this range, recovery was more efficient in the subconfluent cultures. Fine structural alterations in Cd-treated tubule cells included condensation of nuclear chromatin, loss of microvilli structure, disorganization of lateral membrane interdigitation, as well as decreased uptake of aminoglycoside antibiotics as evidenced by decreased numbers of myeloid bodies in these cells. The results of this study imply that use of a human proximal tubule culture system has potential in discerning structural and functional effects of cadmium as well as other nephrotoxic metals and compounds on the human kidney.
ISSN:0883-8364
2327-431X
1475-2689
DOI:10.1007/bf02623661