Trauma type affects recognition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among online respondents in the UK and Ireland

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders 2014-08, Vol.164, p.123-129
• Main Authors: Merritt, Christopher J, Tharp, Ian J, Furnham, Adrian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidents, Occupational - psychology; Adolescent; Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Anxiety disorders. Neuroses; Biological and medical sciences; Combat Disorders - psychology; Data Collection; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internet; Ireland; Life Change Events; Male; Medical sciences; Mental health; Mental health literacy; Middle Aged; Mood disorders; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Psychiatric disorders; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; PTSD; Rape - psychology; Sexual assault; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - etiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; United Kingdom; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0165-0327; 1573-2517
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.013

Abstract Background Mental Health Literacy (MHL) predicts help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Public surveys show high recognition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in relation to military contexts, but this has not been investigated with other sources of trauma. Methods A self-selecting sample of 2960 participants from UK and Ireland completed an online survey. Participants viewed one of three vignettes that described either a male or female character experiencing identical PTSD symptoms, that differed only by trauma source (military combat, industrial accident, sexual assault). Participants were asked to state i) whether a mental health problem was being experienced, ii) what it was, and iii) what help should be sought. Results Trauma type was a key predictor of classification as a mental health problem, correct identification of PTSD, and help-seeking suggestions. For participants shown the military scenario the odds of recognising PTSD were 5.2 times higher than for those shown the sexual assault vignette, and 2.2 times higher than for those shown the accident scenario. Age (younger), gender (female), education (university), and personal mental health experience were additional significant predictors of higher recognition of PTSD. Limitations Reasons for failing to recognise a mental health problem/PTSD were not explored. The online convenience sampling method may limit generalisability of results. Conclusions Recognition of PTSD is significantly affected by trauma source. The data confirmed the pervasive association with military combat and suggest under-recognition of PTSD from other traumas, particularly sexual assault. Awareness campaigns may aim to increase MHL of PTSD from diverse trauma sources.