Phylogeny of beak and feather disease virus in cockatoos demonstrates host generalism and multiple-variant infections within Psittaciformes

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of the highly genetically diverse but antigenically conserved, single-stranded circular, DNA genome of the avian circovirus, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) from cockatoo species throughout Australia demonstrated a high mutation rate for BFDV (orders of magnitude...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2014-07, Vol.460, p.72-82
Main Authors: Sarker, Subir, Ghorashi, Seyed A, Forwood, Jade K, Bent, Stephen J, Peters, Andrew, Raidal, Shane R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Australia
Bird Diseases - virology
Circoviridae Infections - veterinary
Circoviridae Infections - virology
Circovirus
Circovirus - classification
Circovirus - genetics
Circovirus - isolation & purification
Circovirus - physiology
Cockatoos - virology
Genetic Variation
Genotype
Host generalism
Host Specificity
Host switching
Infectious Disease
Molecular Sequence Data
Multiple-variants
Mutation rate
Phylogeny
Psittaciformes - classification
Psittaciformes - virology
Psittacine beak and feather disease
viral quasispecies
Viral recombination
Virus Replication
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Summary:Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of the highly genetically diverse but antigenically conserved, single-stranded circular, DNA genome of the avian circovirus, beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) from cockatoo species throughout Australia demonstrated a high mutation rate for BFDV (orders of magnitude fall in the range of 10–4 substitutions/site/year) along with strong support for recombination indicating active cross-species transmission in various subpopulations. Multiple variants of BFDV were demonstrated with at least 30 genotypic variants identified within nine individual birds, with one containing up to 7 variants. Single genetic variants were detected in feathers from 2 birds but splenic tissue provided further variants. The rich BFDV genetic diversity points to Australasia as the most likely geographical origin of this virus and supports flexible host switching. We propose this as evidence of Order-wide host generalism in the Psittaciformes characterised by high mutability that is buffered by frequent recombination and slow replication strategy.
ISSN:0042-6822
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.021