Geochemical comparison of waters and stream sediments close to abandoned Sb-Au and As-Au mining areas, northern Portugal

• Published in: Chemie der Erde 2014-06, Vol.74 (2), p.267-283
• Main Authors: Carvalho, Paula C.S., Neiva, Ana M.R., Silva, Maria M.V.G., da Silva, Eduardo A. Ferreira
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dumps, Waters; Geochemical modelling; Metals and metalloids fractionation; Ore minerals weathering; Sb-Au and As-Au mines; Speciation; Stream sediments; Water contamination; Water speciation
• ISSN: 0009-2819; 1611-5864
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemer.2013.08.003

Waters from abandoned Sb-Au mining areas have higher Sb (up to 2138μgL−1), As (up to 1252μgL−1) and lower Al, Zn, Li, Ni and Co concentrations than those of waters from the As-Au mining area of Banjas, which only contain up to 64μgL−1 As. In general, Sb occurs mainly as SbO3− and As H2AsO4−. In general, waters from old Sb-Au mining areas are contaminated in Sb, As, Al, Fe, Cd, Mn, Ni and NO2−, whereas those from the abandoned As-Au mining area are contaminated in Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd and rarely in NO2−. Waters from the latter area, immediately downstream of mine dumps are also contaminated in As. In stream sediments from Sb-Au and As-Au mining areas, Sb (up to 5488mgkg−1) and As (up to 235mgkg−1) show a similar behaviour and are mainly associated with the residual fraction. In most stream sediments, the As and Sb are not associated with the oxidizable fraction, while Fe is associated with organic matter, indicating that sulphides (mainly arsenopyrite and pyrite) and sulphosalts containing those metalloids and metal are weathered. Arsenic and Sb are mainly associated with clay minerals (chlorite and mica; vermiculite in stream sediments from old Sb-Au mining areas) and probably also with insoluble Sb phases of stream sediments. In the most contaminated stream sediments, metalloids are also associated with Fe phases (hematite and goethite, and also lepidocrocite in stream sediments from Banjas). Moreover, the most contaminated stream sediments correspond to the most contaminated waters, reflecting the limited capacity of stream sediments to retain metals and metalloids.