Nutrition transition and food sustainability

• Published in: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2014-08, Vol.73 (3), p.385-388
• Main Author: Belahsen, Rekia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chronic Disease; Chronic illnesses; Conference on ‘Sustainable diet and food security’; Developing Countries; Diet; Economic development; Fast Foods; Feeding Behavior; Food Supply; Health problems; Health risks; Humans; Hunger; Hypertension; Income; Infectious diseases; Malnutrition; Malnutrition - etiology; Metabolic Diseases - etiology; Neoplasms - etiology; Nutrition; Obesity; Overnutrition; Overnutrition - etiology; Sustainability; Symposium 5: Cultural diversity of sustainable diets; Traditional foods; Urbanization
• ISSN: 0029-6651; 1475-2719
• DOI: 10.1017/S0029665114000135

The aim of the present paper is to review nutrition transition (NT) ongoing in low and middle income countries and the associated dietary changes. NT is accompanied by demographic and epidemiological transition associated with economic development and urbanisation. In these countries, while the problems of hunger and undernourishment persist, there is an escalation of diet-related non-communicable diseases; making them face both problems of malnutrition, under and overnutrition. Indeed, in addition to protein energy malnutrition underweight and micronutrient deficiencies affect a high proportion of children and women. Conversely, changes in dietary habits and physical activity patterns have led to emergence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidaemia, CHD and cancer. One possible explanation of weight gain and its associated health consequences is the trend of the consumption of already prepared meals and the restaurants that are in continuous development leading to high consumption of foods rich in sugar and fat. The health problems associated with NT have not spared populations in the Mediterranean area where the type of diet is reported to be healthy and to protect against cardiovascular risks. This is seen in North Africa that belongs also to the Mediterranean basin, where the nutritional situation raises the problem of traditional foods sustainability. Accurate nutritional policy and education are needed to redress the effects of malnutrition related to NT on health.