Rho, nuclear actin, and actin-binding proteins in the regulation of transcription and gene expression

Actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of Rho GTPases, which act as molecular switches on many signaling pathways. During the past decade, actin has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression. Nuclear actin plays a key role in transcription, chromatin remodeling, and pre-mRNA proces...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Small GTPases 2014, Vol.5 (1), p.e27539-e27539
Main Authors: Rajakylä, Eeva Kaisa, Vartiainen, Maria K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
actin
Actin Cytoskeleton
Actins - genetics
Actins - metabolism
Cell Nucleus - metabolism
Gene Expression
Hippo
Humans
Microfilament Proteins - genetics
Microfilament Proteins - metabolism
MKL1
nucleus
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Review
rho GTP-Binding Proteins - genetics
rho GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Rho GTPase
Signal Transduction
SRF
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Summary:Actin cytoskeleton is one of the main targets of Rho GTPases, which act as molecular switches on many signaling pathways. During the past decade, actin has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression. Nuclear actin plays a key role in transcription, chromatin remodeling, and pre-mRNA processing. In addition, the "status" of the actin cytoskeleton is used as a signaling intermediate by at least the MKL1-SRF and Hippo-pathways, which culminate in the transcriptional regulation of cytoskeletal and growth-promoting genes, respectively. Rho GTPases may therefore regulate gene expression by controlling either cytoplasmic or nuclear actin dynamics. Although the regulation of nuclear actin polymerization is still poorly understood, many actin-binding proteins, which are downstream effectors of Rho, are found in the nuclear compartment. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms and key proteins that may mediate the transcriptional regulation by Rho GTPases through actin.
ISSN:2154-1248
2154-1256
DOI:10.4161/sgtp.27539