Concentration Profiles of Metals in Breast Milk, Drinking Water, and Soil: Relationship Between Matrices

The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn were determined in breast milk of women living in Conceição das Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The potential relationships between metal levels in samples of breast milk, drinking water, and soils collected in the study area were also esta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biological trace element research 2014-07, Vol.160 (1), p.116-122
Main Authors: Cardoso, Osmar O, Julião, Fabiana C, Alves, Renato I. S, Baena, Antonio R, Díez, Isabel G, Suzuki, Meire N, Celere, Beatriz S, Nadal, Martí, Domingo, José L, Segura-Muñoz, Susana I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Brazil
Breast milk
Breastfeeding & lactation
cadmium
Chemical pollutants
Chemical pollution
Chromium
Contaminants
copper
Diet
drinking
Drinking water
Drinking Water - analysis
Environmental Monitoring
exposure pathways
Female
food intake
Heavy metals
Humans
Infant, Newborn
lead
Life Sciences
manganese
Maternal Exposure
mercury
Metal concentrations
Milk, Human - chemistry
Minerals - analysis
neonates
nickel
Nutrition
Oncology
pollutants
soil
Soil - chemistry
Soil contamination
Soils
Water analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water sampling
women
zinc
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Summary:The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn were determined in breast milk of women living in Conceição das Alagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The potential relationships between metal levels in samples of breast milk, drinking water, and soils collected in the study area were also established. Metal levels in breast milk, except Cr, were lower in comparison to WHO reference concentrations. Zinc was the predominant element in breast milk and drinking water samples, with a median level of 46.2 and 82.2 μg · L⁻¹, respectively. Soils presented a different pattern of metal concentrations with respect to those found in breast milk and drinking water, Chromium showed the highest median levels (148 mg · kg⁻¹), while a certain predominance of Zn and Cu was also observed (47.0 and 43.0 mg · kg⁻¹, respectively). Similar profiles were observed when comparing metal concentrations in drinking water and breast milk (chi-square χ ² = 14.36; p 
ISSN:0163-4984
1559-0720
DOI:10.1007/s12011-014-0030-8