A moderate-fat diet containing pistachios improves emerging markers of cardiometabolic syndrome in healthy adults with elevated LDL levels

A randomised, cross-over, controlled-feeding study was conducted to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effects of diets containing pistachios as a strategy for increasing total fat (TF) levels v. a control (step I) lower-fat diet. Ex vivo techniques were used to evaluate the effects of pistachio cons...

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Published in:British journal of nutrition 2014-09, Vol.112 (5), p.744-752
Main Authors: Holligan, Simone D., West, Sheila G., Gebauer, Sarah K., Kay, Colin D., Kris-Etherton, Penny M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - blood
C-Reactive Protein - analysis
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipoproteins - blood
Lipoproteins, LDL - blood
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control
Middle Aged
Nuts
Nuts - chemistry
Phytosterols - administration & dosage
Phytotherapy
Pistacia
Sitosterols - blood
Triglycerides - blood
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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description A randomised, cross-over, controlled-feeding study was conducted to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effects of diets containing pistachios as a strategy for increasing total fat (TF) levels v. a control (step I) lower-fat diet. Ex vivo techniques were used to evaluate the effects of pistachio consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and functionality in individuals (n 28) with elevated LDL levels ( ≥ 2·86 mmol/l). The following test diets (SFA approximately 8 % and cholesterol
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Ex vivo techniques were used to evaluate the effects of pistachio consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and functionality in individuals (n 28) with elevated LDL levels ( ≥ 2·86 mmol/l). The following test diets (SFA approximately 8 % and cholesterol &lt; 300 mg/d) were used: a control diet (25 % TF); a diet comprising one serving of pistachios per d (1PD; 30 % TF); a diet comprising two servings of pistachios per d (2PD; 34 % TF). A significant decrease in small and dense LDL (sdLDL) levels was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment (P= 0·03) and following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·001). Furthermore, reductions in sdLDL levels were correlated with reductions in TAG levels (r 0·424, P= 0·025) following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment. In addition, inclusion of pistachios increased the levels of functional α-1 (P= 0·073) and α-2 (P= 0·056) HDL particles. However, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·016) and global serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·076) were only improved following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment when baseline C-reactive protein status was low ( &lt; 103μg/l). Moreover, a significant decrease in the TAG:HDL ratio was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·036). There was a significant increase in β-sitosterol levels (P&lt; 0·0001) with the inclusion of pistachios, confirming adherence to the study protocol. 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Ex vivo techniques were used to evaluate the effects of pistachio consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and functionality in individuals (n 28) with elevated LDL levels ( ≥ 2·86 mmol/l). The following test diets (SFA approximately 8 % and cholesterol &lt; 300 mg/d) were used: a control diet (25 % TF); a diet comprising one serving of pistachios per d (1PD; 30 % TF); a diet comprising two servings of pistachios per d (2PD; 34 % TF). A significant decrease in small and dense LDL (sdLDL) levels was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment (P= 0·03) and following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·001). Furthermore, reductions in sdLDL levels were correlated with reductions in TAG levels (r 0·424, P= 0·025) following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment. In addition, inclusion of pistachios increased the levels of functional α-1 (P= 0·073) and α-2 (P= 0·056) HDL particles. However, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·016) and global serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·076) were only improved following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment when baseline C-reactive protein status was low ( &lt; 103μg/l). Moreover, a significant decrease in the TAG:HDL ratio was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·036). There was a significant increase in β-sitosterol levels (P&lt; 0·0001) with the inclusion of pistachios, confirming adherence to the study protocol. 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Ex vivo techniques were used to evaluate the effects of pistachio consumption on lipoprotein subclasses and functionality in individuals (n 28) with elevated LDL levels ( ≥ 2·86 mmol/l). The following test diets (SFA approximately 8 % and cholesterol &lt; 300 mg/d) were used: a control diet (25 % TF); a diet comprising one serving of pistachios per d (1PD; 30 % TF); a diet comprising two servings of pistachios per d (2PD; 34 % TF). A significant decrease in small and dense LDL (sdLDL) levels was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment (P= 0·03) and following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·001). Furthermore, reductions in sdLDL levels were correlated with reductions in TAG levels (r 0·424, P= 0·025) following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment. In addition, inclusion of pistachios increased the levels of functional α-1 (P= 0·073) and α-2 (P= 0·056) HDL particles. However, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·016) and global serum cholesterol efflux capacity (P= 0·076) were only improved following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the 1PD dietary treatment when baseline C-reactive protein status was low ( &lt; 103μg/l). Moreover, a significant decrease in the TAG:HDL ratio was observed following the 2PD dietary treatment v. the control treatment (P= 0·036). There was a significant increase in β-sitosterol levels (P&lt; 0·0001) with the inclusion of pistachios, confirming adherence to the study protocol. In conclusion, the inclusion of pistachios in a moderate-fat diet favourably affects the cardiometabolic profile in individuals with an increased risk of CVD.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>25008473</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0007114514001561</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Cambridge Journals Online; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage
Biological and medical sciences
Biomarkers - blood
C-Reactive Protein - analysis
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - blood
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Dietary Fats - administration & dosage
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Humans
Insulin Resistance
Lipoproteins - blood
Lipoproteins, LDL - blood
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - blood
Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control
Middle Aged
Nuts
Nuts - chemistry
Phytosterols - administration & dosage
Phytotherapy
Pistacia
Sitosterols - blood
Triglycerides - blood
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
title A moderate-fat diet containing pistachios improves emerging markers of cardiometabolic syndrome in healthy adults with elevated LDL levels
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