Can brief measures effectively screen for pain and somatic malingering? Examination of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire and Pain Disability Index

• Published in: The spine journal 2014-09, Vol.14 (9), p.2042-2050
• Main Authors: Crighton, Adam H., BS, Wygant, Dustin B., PhD, Applegate, Kathryn C., BA, MS, Umlauf, Robert L., PhD, Granacher, Robert P., MD, MBA
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Anxiety - psychology; Back Pain - diagnosis; Back Pain - psychology; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Malingering; Malingering - diagnosis; Malingering - psychology; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders - psychology; MPRD; MSPQ; Musculoskeletal Pain - diagnosis; Musculoskeletal Pain - psychology; Orthopedics; Pain; Pain - diagnosis; Pain - psychology; PDI; Personality Inventory; Self Report; Sensitivity and Specificity; Somatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
• ISSN: 1529-9430; 1878-1632
• DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.04.012

Abstract Background context Recent rise in fraudulent disability claims in the United States has resulted in psychologists being increasingly called upon to use psychological tests to determine whether disability claims based on psychological or somatic/pain complaints are legitimate. Purpose To examine two brief measures, Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) and the Pain Disability Index (PDI), and their ability to screen for malingering in relation to the Bianchini et al. criteria for malingered pain-related disability published in The Spine Journal (2005). Study design Examined brief self-report measures between litigating and nonlitigating pain samples. Patient sample We compared 144 disability litigants, predominantly presenting a history of musculoskeletal injuries with psychiatric overlay, with 167 nonlitigating pain patients who were predominantly in treatment for chronic back pain issues and other musculoskeletal conditions. Outcome measures Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire, Pain Disability Index, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form, Test of Memory Malingering, Letter Memory Test, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms-second edition, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders somatoform disorders module. Methods We examined a sample of 144 individuals undergoing compensation-seeking evaluations in relation to 167 nonlitigating pain patients. Results Group differences on both the MSPQ and PDI were calculated, as well as sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive powers for both measures at selected cutoffs. Conclusions The results suggest that both the MSPQ and PDI are useful to screen for pain malingering in forensic evaluations, especially the MSPQ, which performed the best in differentiating between the groups.