A prospective evaluation of the predictive value of faecal calprotectin in quiescent Crohn's disease

• Published in: Journal of Crohn's and colitis 2014-09, Vol.8 (9), p.1022-1029
• Main Authors: Naismith, Graham D., Smith, Lyn A., Barry, Sarah J.E., Munro, Joanna I., Laird, Susan, Rankin, Karen, Morris, Allan J., Winter, Jack W., Gaya, Daniel R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Crohn Disease - diagnosis; Crohn Disease - metabolism; Crohn's disease; Disease activity measurements; Feces - chemistry; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Inflammation in IBD; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1873-9946; 1876-4479
• DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.01.029

Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a non-invasive marker of gastrointestinal inflammation. To determine whether higher FC levels in individuals with quiescent Crohn's disease are associated with clinical relapse over the ensuing 12months. A single centre prospective study was undertaken in Crohn's disease patients in clinical remission. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the primary endpoint of clinical relapse by 12months, based on FC at baseline, was calculated. Kaplan–Meier curves of time to relapse were based on the resulting optimal FC cutoff for predicting relapse. Of 97 patients recruited, 92 were either followed up for 12months without relapsing, or reached the primary endpoint within that period. Of these, 10 (11%) relapsed by 12months. Median FC was lower for non-relapsers, 96μg/g (IQR 39–237), than for relapsers, 414μg/g (IQR 259–590), (p=0.005). The area under the ROC curve to predict relapse using FC was 77.4%. An optimal cutoff FC value of 240μg/g to predict relapse had sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 74.4%. Negative predictive value was 96.8% and positive predictive value was 27.6%, FC≥240μg/g was associated with likelihood of relapse by 12-months 12.18 (95%CI 2.55–58.2) times higher than lower values (p=0.002). In this prospective dataset, FC is a useful tool to help identify quiescent Crohn's disease patients at a low risk of relapse over the ensuing 12months. FC of 240μg/g was the optimal cutoff in this cohort.