The prevalence of keratoconus in a young population in Mashhad, Iran

Purpose To determine the prevalence of keratoconus and some associated factors in the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Method In this cross sectional study, multistage cluster sampling was used to select the participants. All participants underwent retinoscopy, slit lamp exa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ophthalmic & physiological optics 2014-09, Vol.34 (5), p.519-527
Main Authors: Hashemi, Hassan, Khabazkhoob, Mehdi, Yazdani, Negareh, Ostadimoghaddam, Hadi, Norouzirad, Reza, Amanzadeh, Kazem, Miraftab, Mohammad, Derakhshan, Akbar, Yekta, AbbasAli
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age Factors
Cluster Analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Iran - epidemiology
keratoconus
Keratoconus - epidemiology
Logistic Models
Male
Middle East
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Young Adult
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Summary:Purpose To determine the prevalence of keratoconus and some associated factors in the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Method In this cross sectional study, multistage cluster sampling was used to select the participants. All participants underwent retinoscopy, slit lamp examination, topography with the TMS‐4 and corneal assessment with the Orbscan II. The diagnosis of keratoconus was based on both clinical evidence and the results of corneal imaging. Results Of 1280 selected students, 1073 agreed to participate in the study, and of those who agreed, 1027 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 42.5% of the study population was male with a mean age of 26.1 ± 2.3 years. The prevalence of keratoconus was 2.5% (n = 26) (95% confidence interval, CI 1.6–3.5). Eighteen students (69%) had bilateral keratoconus. Imaging of the cornea revealed that 70% of the keratoconics had nipple cones and the remaining had asymmetric bow‐tie patterns. The prevalence of keratoconus was not significantly associated with age or gender (p > 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression model, family history (OR = 11.4, 95% CI: 2.5–51.3) and eye rubbing (OR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.6–24.3) were significantly correlated with keratoconus. Conclusions These results taken together with recent studies in the area suggest that keratoconus may have a higher prevalence in the Middle East and Asia than in Western Countries.
ISSN:0275-5408
1475-1313
DOI:10.1111/opo.12147