Annealing-induced structural changes of carbon onions: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman studies

The first- and second-order Raman spectra of carbon nano-onions (CNOs), produced via annealing of detonation nanodiamonds with a mean grain size of ∼5nm in the argon ambience at the maximal temperature of annealing process (TMAX) varying from 1500 to 2150°C, are analyzed together with the high-resol...

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Published in:Carbon (New York) 2014-07, Vol.73, p.78-86
Main Authors: Bogdanov, Kirill, Fedorov, Anatoly, Osipov, Vladimir, Enoki, Toshiaki, Takai, Kazuyuki, Hayashi, Takuya, Ermakov, Victor, Moshkalev, Stanislav, Baranov, Alexander
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Annealing
Carbon
Crystal defects
Diamonds
Electron microscopy
Grain size
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c435t-3d8276d5b58148e9339d4c75aff168c87881ba867d36c6ac165089ebb0a685a53
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container_end_page 86
container_issue
container_start_page 78
container_title Carbon (New York)
container_volume 73
creator Bogdanov, Kirill
Fedorov, Anatoly
Osipov, Vladimir
Enoki, Toshiaki
Takai, Kazuyuki
Hayashi, Takuya
Ermakov, Victor
Moshkalev, Stanislav
Baranov, Alexander
description The first- and second-order Raman spectra of carbon nano-onions (CNOs), produced via annealing of detonation nanodiamonds with a mean grain size of ∼5nm in the argon ambience at the maximal temperature of annealing process (TMAX) varying from 1500 to 2150°C, are analyzed together with the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The combined analysis provides a deep insight into the annealing-induced atomic-scale structural modifications of the CNO nanoparticles. The Raman and HRTEM data unambiguously demonstrate the reduction in the number of defects in the CNO structure, as well as indicate the conversion from the diamond sp3-bonded carbon phase to the sp2-bonded carbon phase with increasing TMAX and its almost full completion for TMAX=1600°C.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.041
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subjects Annealing
Carbon
Crystal defects
Diamonds
Electron microscopy
Grain size
Nanoparticles
Nanostructure
title Annealing-induced structural changes of carbon onions: High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman studies
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