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Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning

This article investigates the effect of air conditioning (AC) systems on air temperature and examines their electricity consumption for a semiarid urban environment. We simulate a 10 day extreme heat period over the Phoenix metropolitan area (U.S.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model cou...

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Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2014-05, Vol.119 (10), p.5949-5965
Main Authors: Salamanca, F., Georgescu, M., Mahalov, A., Moustaoui, M., Wang, M.
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Language:English
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5254-9e02916bfe22385530bdfe9db4c04aae67ddd2dd239251fc324dd225fa50cbac3
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container_end_page 5965
container_issue 10
container_start_page 5949
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creator Salamanca, F.
Georgescu, M.
Mahalov, A.
Moustaoui, M.
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description This article investigates the effect of air conditioning (AC) systems on air temperature and examines their electricity consumption for a semiarid urban environment. We simulate a 10 day extreme heat period over the Phoenix metropolitan area (U.S.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to a multilayer building energy scheme. The performance of the modeling system is evaluated against 10 Arizona Meteorological Network weather stations and one weather station maintained by the National Weather Service for air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. We show that explicit representation of waste heat from air conditioning systems improved the 2 m air temperature correspondence to observations. Waste heat release from AC systems was maximum during the day, but the mean effect was negligible near the surface. However, during the night, heat emitted from AC systems increased the mean 2 m air temperature by more than 1°C for some urban locations. The AC systems modified the thermal stratification of the urban boundary layer, promoting vertical mixing during nighttime hours. The anthropogenic processes examined here (i.e., explicit representation of urban energy consumption processes due to AC systems) require incorporation in future meteorological and climate investigations to improve weather and climate predictability. Our results demonstrate that releasing waste heat into the ambient environment exacerbates the nocturnal urban heat island and increases cooling demands. Key Points AC systems increased the mean air temperature over 1°C in some urban locations Waste heat from AC improved the air temperature correspondence to observations Releasing waste heat into the ambient environment increases cooling demands
doi_str_mv 10.1002/2013JD021225
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source Wiley; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Air conditioning
Air temperature
Anthropogenic factors
Boundary layers
built environment
Climatology
Cooling systems
Demand
Energy consumption
Extreme heat
Geophysics
Heat transfer
Metropolitan areas
regional climate modeling
Representations
Semiarid environments
Thermal stratification
Urban areas
urban climate
Urban environments
urban heat island
Urban heat islands
Waste heat
Weather
Weather stations
Wind speed
title Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning
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