Trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of Fusarium graminearum isolates obtained from barley cultivated in Argentina

• Published in: International journal of food microbiology 2014-06, Vol.179, p.57-63
• Main Authors: Castañares, Eliana, Albuquerque, Diana Ramirez, Dinolfo, María Inés, Pinto, Virginia Fernandez, Patriarca, Andrea, Stenglein, Sebastián Alberto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Argentina; Biological and medical sciences; Chemical production profiles; Food industries; Food microbiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fusarium - chemistry; Fusarium - genetics; Fusarium - isolation & purification; Fusarium graminearum; Genotype; Hordeum - microbiology; Hordeum vulgare; Mycotoxins - analysis; Mycotoxins - genetics; Oryza sativa; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Trichothecenes; Triticum aestivum
• ISSN: 0168-1605; 1879-3460
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.024

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens isolated from small cereal grains with Fusarium Head Blight symptoms. The presence of this fungus is often linked to the occurrence of several mycotoxins in barley and wheat. The aim of our study was to characterize trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of F. graminearum sensu stricto isolates obtained from barley grains in Argentina. A total of 110 F. graminearum s.s. isolates were analyzed by PCR assays to predict deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV) production, and all isolates were found to belong to the same molecular 15-ADON genotype. Trichothecene production in autoclaved rice was analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed by GC–MS. Of the 110 isolates, 95% were able to produce DON, 71% produced 15-ADON, 63% 3-ADON and 52% NIV. With the exception of a single isolate, all isolates that produced NIV, also produced DON. However, the NIV production was very low, ranging from 0.13 to 0.30μg/g. Six different production profiles of DON and its acetyl-derivatives were detected, the predominant being simultaneous production of DON, 3-ADON and 15-ADON, followed by DON production, and DON and 15-ADON co-production. This work is the first attempt to characterize the trichothecene genotypes and production profiles of F. graminearum s.s. isolates from Argentinean barley. •Genotyping analysis determined the potential to produce DON and 15-ADON.•Chemical analysis determined different mycotoxins in different amounts.•DON was the main mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum.•Isolates production profiles were not dependant on the geographical origin.•Genotyping and chemical analyses were not always coincident.