The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway and autoimmune diseases

• Published in: Cellular immunology 2014-07, Vol.290 (1), p.72-79
• Main Authors: Dai, Suya, Jia, Ru, Zhang, Xiao, Fang, Qiwen, Huang, Lijuan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - genetics; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - immunology; Autoimmune Diseases - immunology; Autoimmunity - immunology; B7-H1 Antigen - biosynthesis; B7-H1 Antigen - genetics; B7-H1 Antigen - immunology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology; Humans; Immune Tolerance - genetics; Immune Tolerance - immunology; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - genetics; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic - immunology; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology; Mice; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein - biosynthesis; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein - genetics; Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein - immunology; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - biosynthesis; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - genetics; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology; Rheumatoid arthritis; Signal Transduction; Soluble co-stimulatory molecule; Systemic lupus erythematosus; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway; Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0008-8749; 1090-2163
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.006

•We give a review about the soluble forms of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway.•We give a summary figure about the function of sPD-1.•We give a summary figure about the role of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in T1DM. The programmed death (PD)-1/PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls) pathway, is a new member of the B7/CD28 family, and consists of the PD-1 receptor and its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273). Recently, it is reported that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 also have soluble forms aside from their membrane bound forms. The soluble forms increase the diversity and complexity of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in both composition and function. The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway is broadly expressed and exerts a wider range of immunoregulatory roles in T-cell activation and tolerance compared with other B7/CD28 family members. Studies show that the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway regulates the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance and protects tissues from autoimmune attack in physiological conditions. In addition, it is also involved in various diseases mediated by T cells, such as autoimmunity, tumor immunity, chronic viral infections, and transplantation immunity. In this review, we will summarize the relevance of the soluble forms and the latest researches on the role of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in autoimmune diseases.