Antioxidants and human diseases

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that includes hydrogen peroxide, hyphochlorus acid, superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, lipid peroxides, hypochlorite and hydroxyl radical are involved in growth, differentiation, progression and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinica chimica acta 2014-09, Vol.436, p.332-347
Main Authors: Rajendran, Peramaiyan, Nandakumar, Natarajan, Rengarajan, Thamaraiselvan, Palaniswami, Rajendran, Gnanadhas, Edwinoliver Nesamony, Lakshminarasaiah, Uppalapati, Gopas, Jacob, Nishigaki, Ikuo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidant
Antioxidants - metabolism
Biomarkers - metabolism
Cancer
Diabetes
Disease
Food
Humans
Oxidative Stress
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Summary:Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that includes hydrogen peroxide, hyphochlorus acid, superoxide anion, singlet oxygen, lipid peroxides, hypochlorite and hydroxyl radical are involved in growth, differentiation, progression and death of the cell. They can react with membrane lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes and other small molecules. Low concentrations of ROS has an indispensable role in intracellular signalling and defence against pathogens, while, higher amounts of ROS play a role in number of human diseases, including arthritis, cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemia, failures in immunity and endocrine functions. Antioxidants presumably act as safeguard against the accumulation of ROS and their elimination from the system. The aim of this review is to highlight advances in understanding of the ROS and also to summarize the detailed impact and involvement of antioxidants in selected human diseases. •Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of human diseases.•Low concentrations of ROS have an indispensable role in intracellular signaling and defense against pathogens.•Higher amounts of ROS play a role in number of human diseases.•Antioxidants plays safeguard against the accumulation of ROS and their elimination from the system.
ISSN:0009-8981
1873-3492
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.004