Effects of seasonal and climate variations on calves’ thermal comfort and behaviour

• Published in: International journal of biometeorology 2014-09, Vol.58 (7), p.1471-1478
• Main Authors: Tripon, Iulian, Cziszter, Ludovic Toma, Bura, Marian, Sossidou, Evangelia N
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animal behavior; Animal Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological and Medical Physics; Biometeorology; Biophysics; Body Temperature Regulation; Cattle; Cattle - physiology; Climate; dairy calves; Dairy farms; drinking; Earth and Environmental Science; Eating; Environment; Environmental Health; Feeding behavior; Female; Hot Temperature; Housing, Animal; Meteorology; Original Paper; Plant Physiology; Romania; rumination; seasonal variation; Seasons; Stress, Physiological; Summer; Thermal comfort; Thermal stress; Winter
• ISSN: 0020-7128; 1432-1254
• DOI: 10.1007/s00484-013-0749-5

The aim of this study was to measure the effect of season and climate variations on thermal comfort and behaviour of 6-month-old dairy calves housed in a semi-opened shelter to develop animal-based indicators for assessing animal thermal comfort. The ultimate purpose was to further exploit the use of those indicators to prevent thermal stress by providing appropriate care to the animals. Measurements were taken for winter and summer seasons. Results showed that season significantly influenced (P ≤ 0.01) the lying down behaviour of calves by reducing the time spent lying, from 679.9 min in winter to 554.1 min in summer. Moreover, season had a significant influence (P ≤ 0.01) on feeding behaviour. In detail, the total length of feeding periods was shorter in winter, 442.1 min in comparison to 543.5 min in summer. Time spent drinking increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001), from 11.9 min in winter to 26.9 min in summer. Furthermore, season had a significant influence (P ≤ 0.001) on self grooming behaviour which was 5.5 times longer in duration in winter than in summer (1,336 s vs 244 s). It was concluded that calves’ thermal comfort is affected by seasonal and climate variations and that this can be assessed by measuring behaviour with animal-based indicators, such as lying down, resting, standing up, feeding, rumination, drinking and self grooming. The indicators developed may be a useful tool to prevent animal thermal stress by providing appropriate housing and handling to calves under seasonal and climate challenge.