How Stimulus and Task Complexity Affect Monitoring in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Published in: Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2014-10, Vol.44 (10), p.2499-2513
• Main Authors: Koolen, Sophieke, Vissers, Constance Th. W. M., Egger, Jos I. M., Verhoeven, Ludo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Child and School Psychology; Child clinical studies; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - diagnosis; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - psychology; Classification; Coding; Comparative Analysis; Control Groups; Developmental disorders; Difficulty Level; Executive Function; Feedback (Response); Female; Humans; Infantile autism; Inhibition; Interpersonal Relationship; Linguistic Input; Male; Medical sciences; Memory; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests - standards; Neurosciences; Original Paper; Pediatrics; Pervasive Developmental Disorders; Photic Stimulation - methods; Pictorial Stimuli; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Public Health; Reaction Time; Reaction Time - physiology; Responses; Semantics; Short Term Memory; Social Cognition; Visual Perception; Visual Stimuli; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0162-3257; 1573-3432
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2119-5

The present study examined whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are able to update and monitor working memory representations of visual input, and whether performance is influenced by stimulus and task complexity. 15 high-functioning adults with ASD and 15 controls were asked to allocate either elements of abstract figures or semantically meaningful pictures to the correct category, according to a certain set of rules. In general, the groups did not differ on measures of intelligence, working memory, attention, fluency and memory. For the monitoring of allocation of abstract figures, a similar pattern of reaction times was found for ASD and control participants. For the monitoring of allocation of semantically meaningful pictures, a different response pattern was found, with a stronger increase in response times for the ASD than for the control group when the number of categories increased. This suggests that participants with ASD are able to monitor working memory representations, but suffer under more complex circumstances.