Outdoor Operational Stability of Indium-Free Flexible Polymer Solar Modules Over 1 Year Studied in India, Holland, and Denmark

ABSTRACT We present an outdoor interlaboratory stability study of fully printed and coated indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free polymer solar cell modules in JNCASR Bangalore (India), ECN (Holland), and DTU (Denmark) carried over more than 1 year. The modules comprising a fully printed and coated stack (Ag g...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced engineering materials 2014-08, Vol.16 (8), p.976-987
Main Authors: Angmo, Dechan, Sommeling, Paul M., Gupta, Ritu, Hösel, Markus, Gevorgyan, Suren A., Kroon, Jan M., Kulkarni, Giridhar U., Krebs, Frederik C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Encapsulation
Holland
India
Modules
Outdoor
Silver
Solar cells
Stability
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Summary:ABSTRACT We present an outdoor interlaboratory stability study of fully printed and coated indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free polymer solar cell modules in JNCASR Bangalore (India), ECN (Holland), and DTU (Denmark) carried over more than 1 year. The modules comprising a fully printed and coated stack (Ag grid/PEDOT:PSS/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag grid) were prepared in two successive generations and evaluated for outdoor operational stability according to the test protocols laid out by the International Summit on OPV stability (ISOS‐3). The modules (70–100 cm2 active area) were encapsulated between two sheets of low‐cost plastic barrier material with the use of a UV curing adhesive. The impact of differences in the climatic conditions on the performance of the modules is highlighted and the performance of the modules under storage conditions in parallel with the outdoor study is investigated. While all Gen‐I modules failed, the best devices of Gen‐II module in which simple improvement in the encapsulation scheme (Gen‐II modules) was carried out maintained 95% of the initial performance after 1 year of outdoor testing. We provide detailed insight into the failure mode and offer a discussion on the need for improvement in flexible encapsulation. Finally, recommendations on future encapsulation schemes are also presented. The long‐term (over 1 year) stability of indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free polymer solar cell modules (up‐to 100 cm2) in outdoor and under storage are investigated in three different countries. Degradation is observed to be highly localized owing to encapsulation shortcomings. Simple improvement in the encapsulation method is carried out with dramatic improvement in the stability (shown in figure).
ISSN:1438-1656
1527-2648
DOI:10.1002/adem.201400002