Preparation, characterisation, and electrical properties of (K sub(0.5)Na sub(0.5))NbO sub(3) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

• Published in: Journal of electroceramics 2014-05, Vol.32 (2-3), p.255-259
• Main Authors: Zhao, Jin-Qiu, Liu, Yan-Gai, Fang, Ming-Hao, Huang, Zhao-Hui, Zhang, Tian-Hang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ceramics; Constants; Dielectric properties; Ethylene glycol; Piezoelectricity; Sintering; Sodium; Sol gel process
• ISSN: 1385-3449; 1573-8663
• DOI: 10.1007/s10832-013-9883-z

Na sub(0.5)K sub(0.5)NbO sub(3 ) (KNN) ceramics were sintered at different temperatures (970 degree C, 1000 degree C, 1030 degree C, 1060 degree C, and 1090 degree C) for 3 h by a pressureless sintering method. The powders had been synthesised by sol-gel method, using citric acid as a coordination agent and ethylene glycol as an esterifying agent. The effects of temperature on the phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the as-prepared ceramics were analysed. The results revealed that all of the ceramics had a pure perovskite phase with orthorhombic symmetry. The piezoelectric constant (d sub(33)), the relative dielectric constant ( epsilon sub(r)), the planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (K sub(p)), and the remnant polarization (P sub(r)) initially increased and then decreased with increasing of temperature in such KNN ceramics. The volatilization of sodium and potassium increased with increasing sintering temperature. Over the range of temperatures studied, those ceramics sintered at 1060 degree C had the following optimal properties: ( rho =3.97 g/cm super(3), d sub(33)=119 pC/N, epsilon sub(r)=362.46, tan delta =0.05, K sub(p)=0.23, P sub(r)=11.97 mu C/cm super(2), E sub(c)=10.35 kV/cm, and T sub(c)=408 degree C).