An active microwave imaging system for reconstruction of 2-D electrical property distributions

• Published in: IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 1995-10, Vol.42 (10), p.1017-1026
• Main Authors: Meaney, P.M., Paulsen, K.D., Hartov, A., Crane, R.K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Biological and medical sciences; Biological tissues; Calibration; Electric variables measurement; Equipment Design; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Hardware; Humans; Hyperthermia; Hyperthermia, Induced - instrumentation; Hyperthermia, Induced - statistics & numerical data; Image reconstruction; Imaging phantoms; Induced hyperthermia. Cryotherapy; Medical sciences; Microwave devices; Microwave imaging; Microwaves - therapeutic use; Models, Structural; Monitoring; Phase measurement; Treatment with physical agents; Treatment. General aspects; Tumors
• ISSN: 0018-9294; 1558-2531
• DOI: 10.1109/10.464376

The goal of this work is to develop a microwave-based imaging system for hyperthermia treatment monitoring and assessment. Toward this end, a 4-transmit channel and 4-receive channel hardware device and concomitant image reconstruction algorithm have been realized. The hardware is designed to measure electric fields (i.e., amplitude and phase) at various locations in a phantom tank with and without the presence of various heterogeneities using standard heterodyning principles. Particular attention has been paid to designing a receiver with better than 115 dB of linear dynamic range which is necessary for imaging biological tissue which often has very high conductivity, especially for tissues with high water content. A calibration procedure has been developed to compensate for signal loss due to 3-dimensional radiation in the measured data, since the reconstruction process is only 2-dimensional at the present time. Results are shown which demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the measurement system, the extent to which the forward computational model agrees with the measured field distribution when the electrical properties are known, and image reconstructions of electrically unknown targets of varying diameter. In the latter case, images of both the reactive and resistive component of the electrical property distribution have been recoverable. Quantitative information on object location, size, and electrical properties results when the target is approximately one-half wavelength in size. Images of smaller objects lack the same level of quantitative information, but remain qualitatively correct.< >