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Replacement of carcinogenic solvent HMPA by DMI in insect sex pheromone synthesis

Hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) is a good solvent for the alkylation of terminal acetylenes; however, it has been proven to be a carcinogen towards rats and should be considered as a serious risk to man when a large-scale synthesis is involved. Thus the search for a safe alternative is importan...

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Published in:	Journal of chemical ecology 1990-12, Vol.16 (12), p.3245-3253
Main Authors:	Lo, C.C. (TACTRI, Taiwan, R.O.C.), Chao, P.M
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	ADOXOPHYES AMIDAS AMIDE Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences COMPOSE HETEROCYCLIQUE COMPOSE ORGANOAZOTE COMPUESTO ORGANICO DEL NITROGENO COMPUESTOS HETEROCICLICOS CONTROL DE INSECTOS FEROMONAS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects. Techniques Invertebrates Lepidoptera LUTTE ANTIINSECTE Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...) NEOPLASMAS NEOPLASME PHEROMONE SEXE SEXO SOLVANT SOLVENTES Tortricidae TOXICIDAD TOXICITE
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description	Hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) is a good solvent for the alkylation of terminal acetylenes; however, it has been proven to be a carcinogen towards rats and should be considered as a serious risk to man when a large-scale synthesis is involved. Thus the search for a safe alternative is important. The physical properties of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) are similar to DMPU (1,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-hexahydropyrimidine) and HMPA, but the potential toxicological risk of DMI is less than DMPU and HMPA. When used in the alkylation of terminal acetylenes, DMI is comparable with HMPA, thus it is a good alternative solvent to the carcinogen HMPA in the alkylation because it provides a safer working environment than DMPU and HMPA
doi_str_mv	10.1007/bf00982095
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subjects	ADOXOPHYES AMIDAS AMIDE Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences COMPOSE HETEROCYCLIQUE COMPOSE ORGANOAZOTE COMPUESTO ORGANICO DEL NITROGENO COMPUESTOS HETEROCICLICOS CONTROL DE INSECTOS FEROMONAS Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects. Techniques Invertebrates Lepidoptera LUTTE ANTIINSECTE Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...) NEOPLASMAS NEOPLASME PHEROMONE SEXE SEXO SOLVANT SOLVENTES Tortricidae TOXICIDAD TOXICITE
title	Replacement of carcinogenic solvent HMPA by DMI in insect sex pheromone synthesis
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