Molluscicide acute and sub-chronic toxicity to the three non-target organisms Hexagenia limbata, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Pimephelas promelas, and neutralization of that toxicity by bentonite clay

• Published in: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 1997-02, Vol.58 (2), p.275-282
• Main Authors: BARGAR, T. A, FISHER, S. W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aluminum Silicates - chemistry; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Bentonite; Biological and medical sciences; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Chronic toxicity; Clay; Crustacea - drug effects; Cyprinidae; Decontamination; Diptera - drug effects; Dreissena polymorpha; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Fresh water environment; Freshwater; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hexagenia limbata; Mollusca; Molluscacides - chemistry; Molluscacides - toxicity; molluscicide; molluscicides; Mollusks; moluscocidas; Neutralization; Pimephales promelas; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - chemistry; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds - toxicity; Toxicity Tests
• ISSN: 0007-4861; 1432-0800
• DOI: 10.1007/s001289900331

The toxicity of H-130 (didecyldimethylammonium chloride) to 3 non-target organisms in acute and sub-chronic tests was determined in the presence and absence of bentonite clay. LC50 values over 24 h for Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephelas promelas and Hexagenia limbata were 0.076, 0.47 and 5.7 mg H-130 per litre, respectively. The addition of bentonite clay at a concentration of 5 times that of H-130 greatly reduced acute toxicity, depending on initial concentrations. The clay was most effective in terms of dispersion and adsorption if freshly activated. Dry inactivated clay did not mix, either sinking or floating. The clay reduced chronic toxicity inconsistently and there was some evidence of its adversely affecting the fecundity of C. dubia. It was also possible that a high flux of cations could displace H-130 adsorbed on to the clay. Further investigations were necessary.