Evolution of parasitism in kinetoplastid flagellates

•The evolution of parasitism on Kinetoplastid protists is presented.•Parasitism has repeatedly emerged within this group of flagellates.•We demonstrate rather unlike origin of dixenous life cycle in various groups.•Parasite (pre)adaptations for their co-existing with the hosts are discussed.•The bio...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular and biochemical parasitology 2014-07, Vol.195 (2), p.115-122
Main Authors: Lukeš, Julius, Skalický, Tomáš, Týč, Jiří, Votýpka, Jan, Yurchenko, Vyacheslav
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological Evolution
Diversity
Euglenozoa Infections - parasitology
Evolution
Host-Parasite Interactions
Humans
Kinetoplastida - classification
Kinetoplastida - genetics
Kinetoplastida - physiology
Parasites - classification
Parasites - genetics
Parasites - physiology
Parasitism
Phylogeny
Trypanosoma
Vectors
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Summary:•The evolution of parasitism on Kinetoplastid protists is presented.•Parasitism has repeatedly emerged within this group of flagellates.•We demonstrate rather unlike origin of dixenous life cycle in various groups.•Parasite (pre)adaptations for their co-existing with the hosts are discussed.•The biodiversity of monoxenous (one host) trypanosomatids is introduced. Kinetoplastid protists offer a unique opportunity for studying the evolution of parasitism. While all their close relatives are either photo- or phagotrophic, a number of kinetoplastid species are facultative or obligatory parasites, supporting a hypothesis that parasitism has emerged within this group of flagellates. In this review we discuss origin and evolution of parasitism in bodonids and trypanosomatids and specific adaptations allowing these protozoa to co-exist with their hosts. We also explore the limits of biodiversity of monoxenous (one host) trypanosomatids and some features distinguishing them from their dixenous (two hosts) relatives.
ISSN:0166-6851
1872-9428
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.05.007