The effect of calcium and magnesium ratios on the toxicity of copper to five aquatic species in freshwater

While it is generally accepted that water hardness affects copper toxicity, the major ions that contribute to water hardness (calcium [Ca] and magnesium [Mg]) may affect copper toxicity differently. This is important because the Ca:Mg ratio in standard laboratory‐reconstituted waters often differs f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2002-02, Vol.21 (2), p.347-352
Main Authors: Naddy, Rami B., Stubblefield, William A., May, Jeffrey R., Tucker, Scott A., Hockett, J. Russell
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute exposure
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
Calcium
Calcium - chemistry
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Copper
Copper - toxicity
Crustacea
Cyprinidae
Daphnia
Daphnia magna
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Fresh water environment
Freshwater
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Lethal Dose 50
Magnesium
Magnesium - chemistry
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Pimephales promelas
Techniques
Water - chemistry
Water hardness
Water Pollutants - toxicity
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Summary:While it is generally accepted that water hardness affects copper toxicity, the major ions that contribute to water hardness (calcium [Ca] and magnesium [Mg]) may affect copper toxicity differently. This is important because the Ca:Mg ratio in standard laboratory‐reconstituted waters often differs from the ratio in natural surface waters. Copper toxicity was assessed for five different aquatic species: rainbow trout (RBT), fathead minnow (FHM), Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and an amphipod (Gammarus sp.) under different Ca:Mg ratios (4:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:4 mass basis) at a common hardness (180 mg/L as CaCO3) and alkalinity (120 mg/L as CaCO3). Copper toxicity increased at lower Ca:Mg ratios for RBT but increased at higher Ca:Mg ratios for D. magna. Fathead minnows (
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.5620210217