Structural and magnetic properties of pure and nickel doped SnO2 nanoparticles

• Published in: Journal of physics. Condensed matter 2010-12, Vol.22 (49), p.496003-496003
• Main Authors: Aragón, F H, Coaquira, J A H, Hidalgo, P, Brito, S L M, Gouvêa, D, Castro, R H R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Exact sciences and technology; Magnetic properties and materials; Magnetic properties of nanostructures; Materials science; Nanopowders; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization; Nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals; Physics; Structure of solids and liquids; crystallography
• ISSN: 0953-8984; 1361-648X
• DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/49/496003

Ni-doped SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by a polymer precursor method have been characterized structurally and magnetically. Ni doping (up to 10 mol%) does not significantly affect the crystalline structure of SnO2, but stabilizes smaller particles as the Ni content is increased. A notable solid solution regime up to ∼ 3 mol% of Ni, and a Ni surface enrichment for the higher Ni contents are found. The room temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetization (MS) ∼ 1.2 × 10 (- 3) emu g (- 1) and coercive field (HC) ∼ 40 Oe is determined for the undoped sample, which is associated with the exchange coupling of the spins of electrons trapped in oxygen vacancies, mainly located on the surface of the particles. This ferromagnetism is enhanced as the Ni content increases up to ∼ 3 mol%, where the Ni ions are distributed in a solid solution. Above this Ni content, the ferromagnetism rapidly decays and a paramagnetic behavior is observed. This finding is assigned to the increasing segregation of Ni ions (likely formed by interstitials Ni ions and nearby substitutional sites) on the particle surface, which modifies the magnetic behavior by reducing the available oxygen vacancies and/or the free electrons and favoring paramagnetic behavior.