Chemical assays of availability to earthworms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

The bioavailable concentration of an organic pollutant is less than the concentration determined by vigorous extraction of soil. Because bioavailability varies with the particular compound, soil, and aging time, an assay for bioavailability is needed. Three methods were tested: extraction with a 25%...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2002-07, Vol.48 (1), p.35-42
Main Authors: Tang, Jixin, Liste, Hans-Holger, Alexander, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Assays
Bioavailability
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Assay - methods
Biological Availability
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates
Eisenia
Eisenia fetida
Eisenia foetida
Environmental Monitoring
Forecasting
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Models, Chemical
Oligochaeta - physiology
PAHs
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - pharmacokinetics
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil Pollutants - pharmacokinetics
Solvents
Terrestrial environment, soil, air
Time Factors
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Summary:The bioavailable concentration of an organic pollutant is less than the concentration determined by vigorous extraction of soil. Because bioavailability varies with the particular compound, soil, and aging time, an assay for bioavailability is needed. Three methods were tested: extraction with a 25% aqueous solution of tetrahydrofuran (THF), 95% ethanol, and C18 membranes. Evaluations were conducted with a mixture of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) added to five dissimilar soils and with pyrene as sole PAH added to six soils, and the availability of aged and freshly added compounds was determined. Assimilation by earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) was used to assess bioavailability. For extraction with THF and earthworm uptake, the correlation coefficients of determination ( R 2) for anthracene, chrysene, pyrene, and benzo( a)pyrene added as a mixture exceeded 0.85. The R 2 values for assays with the C18 membrane were 0.77 or higher. The values for pyrene added alone were 0.710 and 0.823, respectively. R 2 values for assays with ethanol often exceeded 0.87, but lower values were sometimes obtained. We suggest that such solvent or solid-phase extractions may be useful in assessing PAH bioavailability.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00046-2