Diphenylamine and derivatives in the environment: a review

Diphenylamine (DPA) is a compound from the third European Union (EU) list of priority pollutants. It was assigned by the EU to Germany to assess and control its environmental risks. DPA and derivatives are most commonly used as stabilizers in nitrocellulose-containing explosives and propellants, in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere 2003-12, Vol.53 (8), p.809-818
Main Author: Drzyzga, Oliver
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminodiphenylamine
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Biodegradation, Environmental
Biological and medical sciences
Bioremediation
Diphenylamine
Diphenylamine - analogs & derivatives
Diphenylamine - chemistry
Diphenylamine - toxicity
diphenylamines
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Microbial degradation
Nitrodiphenylamine
Stabilizer
Toxicity
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Summary:Diphenylamine (DPA) is a compound from the third European Union (EU) list of priority pollutants. It was assigned by the EU to Germany to assess and control its environmental risks. DPA and derivatives are most commonly used as stabilizers in nitrocellulose-containing explosives and propellants, in the perfumery, and as antioxidants in the rubber and elastomer industry. DPA is also widely used to prevent post-harvest deterioration of apple and pear crops. DPA is a parent compound of many derivatives, which are used for the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, photography chemicals and further small-scale applications. Diphenylamines are still produced worldwide by the chemical industries. First reports showed that DPA was found in soil and groundwater. Some ecotoxicological studies demonstrated the potential hazard of various diphenylamines to the aquatic environment and to bacteria and animals. Studies on the biodegradability of DPA and its derivatives are very sparse. Therefore, further investigation is required to determine the complete dimension of the potential environmental hazard and to introduce possible (bio)remediation techniques for sites that are contaminated with this class of compounds. This is the first detailed review on DPA and some derivatives summarizing their environmental relevance as it is published in the literature so far and this review will recommend conducting further research in the future.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00613-1