Identification of phototransformation products of prednisone by sunlight: Toxicity of the drug and its derivatives on aquatic organisms

Solar simulator irradiation of an aqueous suspension of prednisone, a widely prescribed drug, produces seven photochemical derivatives. The compounds have been identified on the basis of their physical features. All the chemicals have been tested to evaluate their toxic effects on freshwater organis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2003-03, Vol.22 (3), p.534-539
Main Authors: DellaGreca, Marina, Fiorentino, Antonio, Iesce, Maria Rosaria, Isidori, Marina, Nardelli, Angela, Previtera, Lucio, Temussi, Fabio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Aquatic organisms
Biological and medical sciences
Brachionus calyciflorus
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Cladocera
Crustacea - drug effects
Daphnia magna
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Eukaryota - drug effects
Fresh water environment
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Photochemical derivatives
Prednisone
Prednisone - analogs & derivatives
Prednisone - radiation effects
Prednisone - toxicity
Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
Rotifera
Rotifera - drug effects
Selenastrum capricornutum
Spectroscopic characterization
Sunlight
Thamnocephalus platyurus
Toxicity
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Toxicity Tests, Chronic
Water Pollutants, Chemical - radiation effects
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:Solar simulator irradiation of an aqueous suspension of prednisone, a widely prescribed drug, produces seven photochemical derivatives. The compounds have been identified on the basis of their physical features. All the chemicals have been tested to evaluate their toxic effects on freshwater organisms from different trophic levels. The rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and two crustaceans, the cladoceran Daphnia magna and the anostracan Thamnocephalus platyurus, were used to perform acute toxicity tests. Chronic toxicity tests have been performed on the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum) and the crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. The results showed low acute and chronic toxicity of prednisone. Some of the photoproducts had high toxic effects on C. dubia.
ISSN:0730-7268
1552-8618
DOI:10.1002/etc.5620220310