Effect of pH and Release super( registered ) on Two Life Stages of Four Anuran Amphibians

Four anuran amphibians-Xenopus laevis, Bufo americanus, Rana clamitans, and R. pipiens-were exposed at the embryo and first larval stages to a combination of pH values and Release super( registered ) herbicide concentrations, and mortality and the prevalence of malformations were examined. For each...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2003-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2673-2673
Main Authors: Edginton, Andrea N, Stephenson, Gerald R, Sheridan, Patrick M, Thompson, Dean G, Boermans, Herman J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bufo americanus
Freshwater
Rana clamitans
Rana pipiens
trichlopyr(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridl-oxyacetic acid)
Xenopus laevis
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Summary:Four anuran amphibians-Xenopus laevis, Bufo americanus, Rana clamitans, and R. pipiens-were exposed at the embryo and first larval stages to a combination of pH values and Release super( registered ) herbicide concentrations, and mortality and the prevalence of malformations were examined. For each specie, the larval stage was significantly more sensitive than the embryonic stage. Rana pipiens embryos were only slightly less sensitive to Release compared with the other three species, while the larval stages of the other three species were equally sensitive. Embryos of R. clamitans and B. americanus did not exhibit a significant prevalence of malformations, but R. pipiens and X. laevis embryos did, with the malformations due primarily to abnormal gut coiling in both species. In all of the embryo tests, significant growth inhibition was noted, and for all four species, the toxicity of Release increased with decreasing pH.
ISSN:0730-7268