TECHNICAL NOTE: electrochemical generation of perchlorate IN MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS

This article documents the first known in situ electrochemical production of perchlorate within a public water distribution system. In this detailed incident, perchlorate (ClO4−) was detected in the distribution system of Levelland, Texas, and was eventually isolated to one elevated storage tank. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal - American Water Works Association 2004-07, Vol.96 (7), p.103-108
Main Authors: JACKSON, ANDREW, ARUNAGIRI, SANGEETHA, TOCK, RICHARD, ANDERSON, TODD, RAINWATER, KEN
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Anodes
Cathodic corrosion
Cathodic Protection
Chemical reactions
Chlorates
Chloride
Chlorides
Chlorine
Corrosion
Decomposition
Distribution Systems
Drinking water
Electrochemistry
Electrolytes
Groundwater
Laboratories
Lightning
Manganese
Manganese oxides
Materials selection
Municipal Water Use
Organic contaminants
Oxidation
Perchlorate
Perchlorates
Potable water
Steel
Storage Tanks
Studies
Surface water
Texas
Water supply
Water treatment plants
Water utilities
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Summary:This article documents the first known in situ electrochemical production of perchlorate within a public water distribution system. In this detailed incident, perchlorate (ClO4−) was detected in the distribution system of Levelland, Texas, and was eventually isolated to one elevated storage tank. Theoretical considerations supported the production of ClO4− by an electrochemical process within the tank. ClO4− was produced (64–113 μg/L in 338 h) in laboratory experiments that simulated the cathodic protection system in place in the storage tank. Because cathodic protection systems are widely used, this research confirms a potentially troubling mechanism of ClO4− generation.
ISSN:0003-150X
1551-8833
DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10654.x