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Mineralogical analyses and in vitro screening tests for the rapid evaluation of the health hazard of volcanic ash at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea
The continuous ash and gas emissions from the Tavurvur cone in Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea, during 2007–08, raised concerns regarding how exposure would affect the respiratory health of nearby populations and impact on the environment. As part of a formal evaluation of the effects of volcanic e...
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| Published in: | Bulletin of volcanology 2010-11, Vol.72 (9), p.1077-1092 |
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| container_end_page | 1092 |
| container_issue | 9 |
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| container_title | Bulletin of volcanology |
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| creator | Le Blond, Jennifer S. Horwell, Claire J. Baxter, Peter J. Michnowicz, Sabina A. K. Tomatis, Maura Fubini, Bice Delmelle, Pierre Dunster, Christina Patia, Herman |
| description | The continuous ash and gas emissions from the Tavurvur cone in Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea, during 2007–08, raised concerns regarding how exposure would affect the respiratory health of nearby populations and impact on the environment. As part of a formal evaluation of the effects of volcanic emissions on public health, we investigated the potential health hazard of the ash using a suite of selected mineralogical analyses and in vitro toxicity screening tests. The trachy-andesitic ash comprised 2.1–6.7 vol.% respirable (sub-4 μm diameter) particles. The crystalline silica content was 1.9–5.0 wt.% cristobalite (in the bulk sample) with trace amounts of quartz and/or tridymite. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ash particles were angular with sparse, fibre-like particles (∼3–60 μm max. diameter) observed in some samples, which we confirmed to be CaSO
4
(gypsum, at |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00445-010-0382-7 |
| format | article |
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4
(gypsum, at <6 wt.% in the bulk samples) and not asbestiform fibres. The ash specific surface area was low (0.1–2.7 m
2
g
−1
). The leached solution from one of the ash samples was slightly acidic (pH 5.6), but did not contain high levels of toxic metals (such as F, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ni and Cd) when compared to previously tested volcanic ash leachates. Ash samples generated potentially-harmful hydroxyl radicals through an iron-mediated catalytic reaction, in the range of 0.15–2.47 μmol m
−2
(after 30 min of reaction). However, measurement of particle oxidative capacity (potential oxidative stress reaction using ascorbic acid) and silica-like injury to red blood cells (erythrolysis assay, i.e. measurement of cell death) nevertheless revealed low biological reactivity. The findings suggest that acute exposure to the ash would have a limited potential to exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as asthma or chronic bronchitis, and the potential for chronic exposure leading to silicosis was low.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0258-8900</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0819</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00445-010-0382-7</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BUVOEW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Calderas ; Copper ; Crystalline rocks ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Emissions ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environmental impact ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fibers ; Fly ash ; Geological hazards ; Geology ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Gypsum ; Health hazards ; Hydroxyl radicals ; Igneous and metamorphic rocks petrology, volcanic processes, magmas ; Leachates ; Mineralogy ; Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc ; Oxidative stress ; Public health ; Research Article ; Sedimentology ; Silica ; Silicosis ; Volcanoes ; Volcanology</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of volcanology, 2010-11, Vol.72 (9), p.1077-1092</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a444t-f3648799422804073999aaae95ffc11e4c0d7928ce12e0ed81166ff4081f17e93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a444t-f3648799422804073999aaae95ffc11e4c0d7928ce12e0ed81166ff4081f17e93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=23422913$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Le Blond, Jennifer S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horwell, Claire J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baxter, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michnowicz, Sabina A. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomatis, Maura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fubini, Bice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delmelle, Pierre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dunster, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Patia, Herman</creatorcontrib><title>Mineralogical analyses and in vitro screening tests for the rapid evaluation of the health hazard of volcanic ash at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea</title><title>Bulletin of volcanology</title><addtitle>Bull Volcanol</addtitle><description>The continuous ash and gas emissions from the Tavurvur cone in Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea, during 2007–08, raised concerns regarding how exposure would affect the respiratory health of nearby populations and impact on the environment. As part of a formal evaluation of the effects of volcanic emissions on public health, we investigated the potential health hazard of the ash using a suite of selected mineralogical analyses and in vitro toxicity screening tests. The trachy-andesitic ash comprised 2.1–6.7 vol.% respirable (sub-4 μm diameter) particles. The crystalline silica content was 1.9–5.0 wt.% cristobalite (in the bulk sample) with trace amounts of quartz and/or tridymite. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ash particles were angular with sparse, fibre-like particles (∼3–60 μm max. diameter) observed in some samples, which we confirmed to be CaSO
4
(gypsum, at <6 wt.% in the bulk samples) and not asbestiform fibres. The ash specific surface area was low (0.1–2.7 m
2
g
−1
). The leached solution from one of the ash samples was slightly acidic (pH 5.6), but did not contain high levels of toxic metals (such as F, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ni and Cd) when compared to previously tested volcanic ash leachates. Ash samples generated potentially-harmful hydroxyl radicals through an iron-mediated catalytic reaction, in the range of 0.15–2.47 μmol m
−2
(after 30 min of reaction). However, measurement of particle oxidative capacity (potential oxidative stress reaction using ascorbic acid) and silica-like injury to red blood cells (erythrolysis assay, i.e. measurement of cell death) nevertheless revealed low biological reactivity. The findings suggest that acute exposure to the ash would have a limited potential to exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as asthma or chronic bronchitis, and the potential for chronic exposure leading to silicosis was low.</description><subject>Calderas</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Crystalline rocks</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fibers</subject><subject>Fly ash</subject><subject>Geological hazards</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Gypsum</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Hydroxyl radicals</subject><subject>Igneous and metamorphic rocks petrology, volcanic processes, magmas</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Sedimentology</subject><subject>Silica</subject><subject>Silicosis</subject><subject>Volcanoes</subject><subject>Volcanology</subject><issn>0258-8900</issn><issn>1432-0819</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kd2KFDEQhRtRcFx9AO-CIHhhayWd7nQuZVlXYf1B9DqU6cp0lmwyJt0j63v4vmacQUHwKuHUV0XVOU3zmMMLDqBeFgAp-xY4tNCNolV3mg2XnWhh5PpuswHRj-2oAe43D0q5BqjFQW2an-98pIwhbb3FwDBiuC1U6mdiPrK9X3JixWai6OOWLVSWwlzKbJmJZdz5idEew4qLT5El91ufCcMysxl_YJ4O4j4Fi9FbhmVmuLBP-BXXcJLTc_YRdyuy9_SdXa51H3zY3HMYCj06vWfNl9cXn8_ftFcfLt-ev7pqUUq5tK4b5Ki0lkKMIEF1WmtEJN07ZzknaWFSWoyWuCCgaeR8GJyT1RPHFenurHl2nLvL6dtabzM3vlgKASOltRg-CDHwrgdZ0Sf_oNdpzdWuYkZQffVXqQrxI2RzKiWTM7vsbzDfGg7mkJM55mRqTuaQkzn0PD0NxlIjcBmj9eVPo-jqdZp3lRNHrtRS3FL-u8D_h_8C-V-ipw</recordid><startdate>20101101</startdate><enddate>20101101</enddate><creator>Le Blond, Jennifer S.</creator><creator>Horwell, Claire J.</creator><creator>Baxter, Peter J.</creator><creator>Michnowicz, Sabina A. 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K.</au><au>Tomatis, Maura</au><au>Fubini, Bice</au><au>Delmelle, Pierre</au><au>Dunster, Christina</au><au>Patia, Herman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mineralogical analyses and in vitro screening tests for the rapid evaluation of the health hazard of volcanic ash at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of volcanology</jtitle><stitle>Bull Volcanol</stitle><date>2010-11-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1077</spage><epage>1092</epage><pages>1077-1092</pages><issn>0258-8900</issn><eissn>1432-0819</eissn><coden>BUVOEW</coden><abstract>The continuous ash and gas emissions from the Tavurvur cone in Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea, during 2007–08, raised concerns regarding how exposure would affect the respiratory health of nearby populations and impact on the environment. As part of a formal evaluation of the effects of volcanic emissions on public health, we investigated the potential health hazard of the ash using a suite of selected mineralogical analyses and in vitro toxicity screening tests. The trachy-andesitic ash comprised 2.1–6.7 vol.% respirable (sub-4 μm diameter) particles. The crystalline silica content was 1.9–5.0 wt.% cristobalite (in the bulk sample) with trace amounts of quartz and/or tridymite. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ash particles were angular with sparse, fibre-like particles (∼3–60 μm max. diameter) observed in some samples, which we confirmed to be CaSO
4
(gypsum, at <6 wt.% in the bulk samples) and not asbestiform fibres. The ash specific surface area was low (0.1–2.7 m
2
g
−1
). The leached solution from one of the ash samples was slightly acidic (pH 5.6), but did not contain high levels of toxic metals (such as F, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Ni and Cd) when compared to previously tested volcanic ash leachates. Ash samples generated potentially-harmful hydroxyl radicals through an iron-mediated catalytic reaction, in the range of 0.15–2.47 μmol m
−2
(after 30 min of reaction). However, measurement of particle oxidative capacity (potential oxidative stress reaction using ascorbic acid) and silica-like injury to red blood cells (erythrolysis assay, i.e. measurement of cell death) nevertheless revealed low biological reactivity. The findings suggest that acute exposure to the ash would have a limited potential to exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as asthma or chronic bronchitis, and the potential for chronic exposure leading to silicosis was low.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><doi>10.1007/s00445-010-0382-7</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Calderas Copper Crystalline rocks Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Earth, ocean, space Emissions Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environmental impact Exact sciences and technology Fibers Fly ash Geological hazards Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Gypsum Health hazards Hydroxyl radicals Igneous and metamorphic rocks petrology, volcanic processes, magmas Leachates Mineralogy Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc Oxidative stress Public health Research Article Sedimentology Silica Silicosis Volcanoes Volcanology |
| title | Mineralogical analyses and in vitro screening tests for the rapid evaluation of the health hazard of volcanic ash at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea |
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