Variability of kinematic graphomotor fluency in adults with ADHD

•Examined kinematic graphomotor fluency variability of adults with ADHD.•Fluency variability between groups was similar on a familiar graphomotor task.•Fluency variability of the ADHD group was significantly greater on the novel task.•Variability of performance extends into the graphomotor domain in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human movement science 2014-12, Vol.38, p.331-342
Main Authors: Duda, Thomas A., Casey, Joseph E., McNevin, Nancy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Amphetamines - therapeutic use
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Automation
Biomechanical Phenomena
Case-Control Studies
Central Nervous System Stimulants - therapeutic use
Dextroamphetamine - administration & dosage
Female
Handwriting
Humans
Intelligence Tests
Kinematic analysis
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
Male
Methylphenidate - administration & dosage
Middle Aged
Motor Skills - physiology
Reproducibility of Results
Young Adult
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Summary:•Examined kinematic graphomotor fluency variability of adults with ADHD.•Fluency variability between groups was similar on a familiar graphomotor task.•Fluency variability of the ADHD group was significantly greater on the novel task.•Variability of performance extends into the graphomotor domain in adults with ADHD.•Adults with ADHD may automatize graphomotor programs differently. Although graphomotor differences and variability of performance have been observed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no study has investigated whether this variability manifests in the kinematic graphomotor domain in adults with ADHD. Fourteen ADHD and 20 control participants wrote a novel grapheme and common word on a digitizing tablet 30 times each, with ADHD participants counterbalanced on and off stimulant medication. Variability of graphomotor fluency was significantly greater in ADHD versus control participants only in the novel writing task, both on, F(1,31)=5.988, p=.020, and off stimulant medication, F(1,32)=8.789, p=.006. Results suggest that motor control differences in ADHD are not limited to childhood and extend into adulthood. Given sufficient additional research, variability of kinematic graphomotor fluency may increase the sensitivity/specificity of differential diagnoses and/or represent a biomarker for ADHD.
ISSN:0167-9457
1872-7646
DOI:10.1016/j.humov.2014.07.006