Balamuthia mandrillaris in South America: An emerging potential hidden pathogen in Perú

A, B, – Places in yellow are endemic areas to Balamuthia Amebic Encefalitis in Peru. •Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis is hidden in Peru and makes this a very difficult emerging disease to diagnose.•Environmental factors associated with cutaneous lesions in Peru.•Epidemiology of Balamuthia encep...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental parasitology 2014-11, Vol.145, p.S10-S19
Main Authors: Cabello-Vílchez, Alfonso M., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, Salvador, Piñero, José, Valladares, Basilio, Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amebiasis - drug therapy
Amebiasis - epidemiology
Amebiasis - parasitology
Amebiasis - pathology
Animals
Balamuthia mandrillaris
Balamuthia mandrillaris - growth & development
Balamuthia mandrillaris - pathogenicity
Balamuthia mandrillaris - physiology
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Emerging pathogen
Encephalitis in American Latin
Global Warming
Humans
Life Cycle Stages
Peru - epidemiology
Prevalence
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - drug therapy
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - epidemiology
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - parasitology
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - pathology
Skin lesion
Soil - parasitology
South America
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Summary:A, B, – Places in yellow are endemic areas to Balamuthia Amebic Encefalitis in Peru. •Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis is hidden in Peru and makes this a very difficult emerging disease to diagnose.•Environmental factors associated with cutaneous lesions in Peru.•Epidemiology of Balamuthia encephalitis hidden in Peru this to be a very difficult disease to diagnose emerging. Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free living amoeba that can be isolated from soil. It is an emerging pathogen causing skin lesions as well as CNS involvement with a fatal outcome if untreated. Further, infections can sometimes can also appear in peripheral areas such as extremities (usually knee), or trunk. Moreover, it often progresses to an infiltrative lesion that occasionally becomes ulcerated. In countries like Peru, a skin lesion will precede other symptoms. This primary cutaneous lesion can be present for weeks or even months. However, the appearance of neurological disease predicts a poor prognosis. Diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion.
ISSN:0014-4894
1090-2449
DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2014.05.007