Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse antibiofilm compounds

• Published in: Journal of applied microbiology 2014-12, Vol.117 (6), p.1663-1673
• Main Authors: Farmer, J.T, Shimkevitch, A.V, Reilly, P.S, Mlynek, K.D, Jensen, K.S, Callahan, M.T, Bushaw‐Newton, K.L, Kaplan, J.B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; anti-infective properties; antibiofilm; Bacteria; Bacteria - chemistry; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacteria - metabolism; biofilm; Biofilms; Biofilms - drug effects; Biofilms - growth & development; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; cave; chemical compounds; environmental bacteria; Environmental Microbiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; habitats; heat stability; mechanism of action; Microbiology; molecular weight; Pseudomonas fluorescens; river; rivers; screen; screening; soil; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - physiology; Staphylococcus epidermidis
• ISSN: 1364-5072; 1365-2672
• DOI: 10.1111/jam.12639

AIMS: The aim of this study was to isolate novel antibiofilm compounds produced by environmental bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cell‐free extracts were prepared from lawns of bacteria cultured on agar. A total of 126 bacteria isolated from soil, cave and river habitats were employed. Extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a 96‐well microtitre plate assay. A total of 55/126 extracts (44%) significantly inhibited Staph. aureus biofilm. Seven extracts were selected for further analysis. The antibiofilm activities in all seven extracts exhibited unique patterns of molecular mass, chemical polarity, heat stability and spectrum of activity against Staph. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, suggesting that these seven antibiofilm activities were mediated by unique chemical compounds with different mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse antibiofilm compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Screening cell‐free extracts is a useful method for identifying secreted compounds that regulate biofilm formation. Such compounds may represent a novel source of antibiofilm agents for technological development.