Effects of Reclaimed Waters on Spectral Properties and Leaf Traits of Citrus Orchards

Effects resulting from the use of reclaimed waters on mandarins and grapefruits are evaluated by measuring the spectral responses of their canopies and the anatomy and the chlorophyll content of their leaves against control trees irrigated with waters provided by an interbasin transfer. Spectral res...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water environment research 2014-11, Vol.86 (11), p.2242-2250
Main Authors: Contreras, S., Pérez-Cutillas, P., Santoni, C.S., Romero-Trigueros, C., Pedrero, F., Alarcón, J. J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural Irrigation
Aqueducts
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll - metabolism
chlorophyll content
Chlorophylls
Citrus
Citrus - drug effects
Citrus - metabolism
Citrus fruits
Environmental Monitoring
Forest canopy
hyperspatial imagery
Infrared reflection
irrigation
Irrigation water
leaf anatomy
Leaves
Orchards
Plant Leaves - drug effects
Plant Leaves - metabolism
reclaimed waters
Recycling
salinity
Saltwater
Spectrum Analysis
Vegetation
Waste Water - chemistry
Water quality
Water reclamation
Water treatment
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Summary:Effects resulting from the use of reclaimed waters on mandarins and grapefruits are evaluated by measuring the spectral responses of their canopies and the anatomy and the chlorophyll content of their leaves against control trees irrigated with waters provided by an interbasin transfer. Spectral responses from the red (R) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength bands, and its normalized ratio (NDVI), were acquired from a hyperspatial flight conducted after a low-moderate exposition to reclaimed waters. Chlorophyll and leaf and palisade/spongy ratio thicknesses were analyzed after a moderate-high exposition. Significant differences between controls and treatments were detected in mandarins in R and leaf chlorophyll, but not in grapefruits, likely because of their higher tolerance to saline waters. Reused waters did not affect either NIR–NDVI or anatomy traits. Hyperspatial sensing techniques are suitable for detecting chlorophyll dynamics, but NIR information and related vegetation indices may mask the detection of periods of saline stress in citrus orchards.
ISSN:1061-4303
1554-7531
DOI:10.2175/106143014X14062131178637