Status Epilepticus: Immunologic and Inflammatory Mechanisms

Status epilepticus (SE) can be difficult to treat, particularly if refractory, and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Prolonged seizures are also a risk factor for the subsequent diagnosis of epilepsy. Activation of the immune system and inflammation are areas of recent interest in the fie...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in pediatric neurology 2014-09, Vol.21 (3), p.221-225
Main Authors: Miskin, Chandrabhaga, MD, Hasbani, Daphne M., MD, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cytokines - blood
Disease Models, Animal
Encephalitis - etiology
Humans
Immune System - physiopathology
Immunologic Factors - metabolism
Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use
Neurology
Pediatrics
Status Epilepticus - complications
Status Epilepticus - immunology
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Summary:Status epilepticus (SE) can be difficult to treat, particularly if refractory, and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Prolonged seizures are also a risk factor for the subsequent diagnosis of epilepsy. Activation of the immune system and inflammation are areas of recent interest in the field of epilepsy, and there is growing evidence that these may be involved in the pathogenesis of ongoing SE and subsequent epileptogenesis. We review the current data on this topic in both animal models and human disease. We conclude that there is evidence suggesting a role for immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms in SE. Further research, especially human studies, is necessary to determine whether targeting the immune system would improve control of SE and prevent sequelae such as epileptogenesis.
ISSN:1071-9091
1558-0776
DOI:10.1016/j.spen.2014.09.001