The Linkage between the Warm and the Cold Conveyor Belts in an Idealized Extratropical Cyclone

This study continues the investigation of airstreams in idealized moist baroclinic waves and addresses the formation of the cold conveyor belt (CCB), its linkage to the warm conveyor belt (WCB), and their impact on the development of a midlatitude cyclone. The CCB is identified as a coherent bundle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the atmospheric sciences 2014-04, Vol.71 (4), p.1443-1459
Main Authors: Schemm, Sebastian, Wernli, Heini
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anomalies
Ascent
Belt conveyors
Belts
Bundling
Case studies
Cold
Cyclones
Heat transfer
Latent heat
Linkages
Trajectories
Troposphere
Weather
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Summary:This study continues the investigation of airstreams in idealized moist baroclinic waves and addresses the formation of the cold conveyor belt (CCB), its linkage to the warm conveyor belt (WCB), and their impact on the development of a midlatitude cyclone. The CCB is identified as a coherent bundle of trajectories, characterized by weak ascent and a strong increase of potential vorticity (PV) along the flow, in contrast to the WCB, defined as the trajectories with maximum ascent. The authors illuminate the role of the two conveyor belts in the formation of two strong PV anomalies that form in the upper (WCB, negative PV anomaly) and lower troposphere (CCB, positive PV anomaly), respectively, and thereby establish a link between these airstreams and relevant aspects of the dynamics of extratropical cyclones. The CCB moves close to the surface along the colder side of the bent-back front and experiences a PV increase as it passes below a region of maximum latent heat release at midtropospheric levels. Accordingly, it arrives with high PV values at the tail of the bent-back front where the most intense low-level winds occur. The WCB, which rises above the bent-back front, causes the formation of the midtropospheric heating rate maximum and thereby not only influences the upper-level downstream development, but also drives the increase of PV along the CCB and, in consequence, indirectly drives the formation of the low-level jet at the tail of the bent-back front.
ISSN:0022-4928
1520-0469
DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0177.1