Snail consumption and breeding performance of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) along a pollution gradient in the Middle Urals, Russia

During the years 1989–91, 1997–2003, and 2005–07, we studied how emissions from the Middle Urals copper smelter affect snail availability and reproduction of free-living pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). We counted snail shells dropped in nests and analysed food samples of nestlings. Pied flyca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment 2014-08, Vol.490, p.114-120
Main Authors: Belskii, Eugen, Grebennikov, Maxim
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Animals
Calcium availability
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Pollution - statistics & numerical data
Ficedula hypoleuca
Food Chain
Heavy metals
Land snails
Middle Urals
Passeriformes - physiology
Russia
Snails - physiology
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Summary:During the years 1989–91, 1997–2003, and 2005–07, we studied how emissions from the Middle Urals copper smelter affect snail availability and reproduction of free-living pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). We counted snail shells dropped in nests and analysed food samples of nestlings. Pied flycatchers brought to nestlings fewer shells in heavily polluted sites compared to background sites, resulting in reduced Ca intake. Species diversity of snails collected by birds decreased with decreasing distance from the pollution source. The pattern was the same both in deciduous and coniferous forests. In sites closest to the smelter, 20–50% of breeding females suffered from Ca deficiency, which resulted in an increased proportion of deserted clutches and clutches with defective eggshells. Number of fledglings per nest decreased in heavily polluted sites, especially in broods with decreased snail supply. This study demonstrated that pollution can cause both direct effect of toxicants to birds and indirect effects via reduced Ca availability. •Pied flycatchers consume less snail shells in the heavily polluted sites•Diversity of snails collected by birds decreased in polluted sites•The closer the smelter, the higher proportion of deserted clutches and abnormal eggs•Brood size decreased in the polluted area, especially if snail supply was low
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.116